Effects of exercise training and anabolic steroids on plantaris and soleus phospholipids: A 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study

Liang, Menglu; Meneses, Patricio; Glonek, Thomas; Kopp, Stephen J.; Paulson, Dennis J.; Schwartz, Frederic; Gierke, Louis W.

doi:10.1016/0020-711x(93)90622-l

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…the value for the index ANIONIC/NEUTRAL is very low (0.23). This value is consistent with the ANIONIC/NEUTRAL index found in other tissues: rat plantaris and soleus skeletal muscles [Liang et al, 1993] and heart [Liang et al, 1992], respectively, 0.26, 0.17, 0.36; human colon [Merchant et al, 1991a], 0.26; human breast [Merchant et al, 1991c], 0.22; human esophagus and stomach, respectively , 0.22, 0.22; pig lens [Sachedina et al, 1991], 0.22; cultured cor neal epithelial, fibroblast and endothelial cells, respectively [Merchant et al, 1990], 0.24, 0.22,0.26. Lysophospholipids are detrimental to the viability of cellular membranes (indexes LYSO, NLYSO. LYSO/NLYSO, LPC/PC, LPS/PS, SPC/SM).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Merchant et al, 1991a;human breast. Merchant et al, 1991c; rat skeletal muscles, Liang et al, 1993], PA is either very low or undetectable. The detected PA is not an artifact of the extraction, since the quantities of the lyso derivatives are low and in the normal range for mammalian tis sues, precluding chemical breakdown during the extraction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the OUTSIDE index is low, with the result that the ratio, LEAFLET, is unusually low. In other tissues, e.g., rat plantaris and soleus skeletal muscles [Liang et al, 1993] and heart [Liang et al, 1992], this index exhibits values of 4.7, 8.3, and 1.1, respectively. These differ ences are consistent with an optic nerve mem brane that is far more permeable to the trans location of ions, solutes and proteins than skeletal muscle or cardiac tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CHOLINE]. (In rat plantaris and soleus skele tal muscles [Liang et al, 1993] and heart [Liang et al, 1992], these indexes, respective ly, exhibit the following values: 6.5, 3.0, 9.8; 65.7, 70.1. 60.0; 0.099, 0.043, 0.163; -, -, -; 6.81, 0.96, 0.43; 56.0, 67.0, 37.4; 16.2, 6.2, 32.5; 3.5, 10.8, 1.15; 61.7, 75.8, 40.8; 36.8, 20.3, 59.0; 1.68, 3.73, 0.69.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 1991Merchant et al. a-c, 1993Sachedina et al, 1991;Edzeetal., 1992;Liang et al, 1992Liang et al, , 1993Seijo et al, 1993], For example, LPC is a well documented constituent of all circulating li poproteins [Scanu. 1972;Scanu, 1973;Victorov et al, 1989], The presence of LPS and SPC in the optic nerve, although at low levels, nev ertheless, is an unusual finding for phospho lipid profiles of healthy mammalian tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phospholipid Analysis of Mammalian Optic Nerve Tissue: A <sup>31</sup>P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Study

Greiner

Hebert

et al. 1994

Ophthalmic Res

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Phospholipids of optic nerve (n = 30) from 5.6-kg rabbits were analyzed by ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Phospholipid metabolites detected were as follows (mol %): phosphatidylcholine (PC; 25.82 ± 0.12), PCplasmalogen/ alkylacyl PC (2.07 ± 0.13), sphingosylphosphorylcholme (1.12 ± 0.20), phosphatidylinositol (PI; 2.17 ± 0.21), lysoPC (0.85 ± 0.06), sphingomyelin (12.52 ± 0.10); phosphatidyl-serine(PS; 14.38 ± 0.11), phosphatidylethanolamine(8.98 ± 0.11), ethanolamine plasmalogen (28.99 ± 0.30), unidentified phospholipid (1.10 ± 0.01), phosphatidic acid (PA; 1.72 ± 0.06), and lyso PS (0.28 ± 0.10). The bulk of the ethanolamine phosphatide is in the form of its plasmalogen, which is the major phospholipid detected. The choline plasmalogen, or a reduced derivative thereof, also is present; thus, a significant phospholipid biosynthetic pathway for optic nerve tissue involves the plasmalogen route, which is a pathway distinct from the PA route responsible for the synthesis of PS, PI, and PC. This new ³¹P NMR lipid analytical technique offers potential for studying optic nerve phospholipid metabolism and degenerating optic nerve tissue, since the technique can accurately quantitate (1) both plasmalogen and nonplasmalogen phospholipids, (2) minor phospholipid components, and (3) previously undetected phospholipids.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phospholipid Analysis of Mammalian Optic Nerve Tissue: A <sup>31</sup>P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Study

Greiner

Hebert

et al. 1994

Ophthalmic Res

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Alk‐1‐enylacyl, alkylacyl, and diacyl subclasses of native ethanolamine and choline glycerophospholipids can be quantified directly by phosphorus‐31 NMR in solution

Malewicz

Baumann

1996

Lipids

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We show that phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used to distinguish and to quantify the alk-1-enylacyl, alkylacyl, and diacyl glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE) subclasses, and the respective glycerophosphocholine (GPC) subclasses, in their native form without prior degradation or derivatization, provided the phospholipids are observed in the nonaggregated state. Monomeric phospholipid distribution is ascertained by recording the spectra, after removal of metal ions, on CDCl3/CD3OD/D2O (50:50:15, by vol) solutions. The utility of this approach is exemplified for the ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (EPL) from bovine brain and the choline glycerophospholipids (CPL) from bovine heart. Sharp and well-resolved resonances are obtained for alkylacylGPE (+0.395 ppm; re 1% H3PO4), alkenylacylGPE (+0.353 ppm), and diacylGPE (+0.315 ppm), and for alkylacylGPC (-0.383 ppm), alkenyl-acylGPC (-0.436 ppm) and diacylGPC (-0.451 ppm). Integrated peak areas are shown to closely correlate with dose. Accurate quantitation of EPL and CPL subclasses at submicromolar levels can further be facilitated by use of synthetic dialkylGPE (+0.602 ppm) and dialkylGPC (-0.196 ppm) as internal standards. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive and reproducible, and permits the complete resolution and direct quantitation of all ethanolamine and choline glycerophospholipid subclasses quite independent of fatty chain length and degree of unsaturation.

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Epidermal and dermal phospholipids of the human eyelid: a 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

Greiner

Glonek

Townsend

et al. 1998

Archives of Dermatological Research

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The phospholipids of the skin are difficult to quantify because they represent only a small fraction of the skin tissue. In this study, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, which permits precise profiling of these phospholipids, was used to compare the phospholipids of upper eyelid epidermal and dermal lipid extracts (n = 13 profiles). Phospholipid profiles included alkylacylphosphatidylcholine (AAPC), dihydrosphingomyelin (DHSM), diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin), ethanolamine plasmalogen (EPLAS), lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, and uncharacterized phospholipids (U1 and U2, particularly enriched in the epidermis). The computed phospholipid metabolic index (n = 86 indexes) findings can be summarized as follows: a lower content of the en-ol and ether phospholipids in the epidermis relative to the dermis, internal compensation among the component phospholipids so as to maintain the choline functional group ratio, and a greater concentration of hydroxyl-containing functional groups in the epidermis. A membrane index (fmem) value of -0.37 for the epidermis deviated considerably from the value of -0.06 characteristic of living membranes and the dermis. The production of the reduced phosphatides, EPLAS and AAPC, indicates the use of alternative pathways between the two tissues. Relative to the dermis, increased PC in the epidermis coupled with decreased DHSM, EPLAS, and AAPC are factors enabling the epidermis of eyelid tissue to be an effective water barrier.

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Effects of exercise training and anabolic steroids on plantaris and soleus phospholipids: A 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study

Cited by 18 publications

References 61 publications

Phospholipid Analysis of Mammalian Optic Nerve Tissue: A <sup>31</sup>P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Study

Phospholipid Analysis of Mammalian Optic Nerve Tissue: A <sup>31</sup>P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Study

Alk‐1‐enylacyl, alkylacyl, and diacyl subclasses of native ethanolamine and choline glycerophospholipids can be quantified directly by phosphorus‐31 NMR in solution

Epidermal and dermal phospholipids of the human eyelid: a 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

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