Effects of exercise training and detraining on cutaneous microvascular function in man: the regulatory role of endothelium-dependent dilation in skin vasculature

Abstract

This study investigated how exercise training and detraining affect the cutaneous microvascular function and the regulatory role of endothelium-dependent dilation in skin vasculature. Ten healthy sedentary subjects cycled on an ergometer at 50% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) for 30 min daily, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks, and then detrained for 8 weeks. Plasma nitric oxide (NO) metabolites (nitrite plus nitrate) were measured by a microplate fluorometer. The cutaneous microvascular perfusion responses to six graded levels of iontophoretically applied 1% acetylcholine (ACh) and 1% sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in the forearm skin were determined by laser Doppler. After training, (1) resting heart rate and blood pressure were reduced, whereas VO(2max), skin blood flow and cutaneous vascular conductance to acute exercise were enhanced; (2) plasma NO metabolite levels and ACh-induced cutaneous perfusion were increased; (3) skin vascular responses to SNP did not change significantly. However, detraining reversed these effects on cutaneous microvascular function and plasma NO metabolite levels. The results suggest that endothelium-dependent dilation in skin vasculature is enhanced by moderate exercise training and reversed to the pretraining state with detraining.

Six months of aerobic exercise does not improve microvascular function in type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…However, studies that have investigated the effect of exercise training on microvascular function are more limited and the findings unequivocal. Eight weeks of aerobic exercise training (5 days per week for 8 weeks at 50% maximal oxygen uptake) have been shown to stimulate an improvement in the responsiveness of the skin microcirculation in healthy adults [16], whereas the only previous study in type 2 diabetes showed that a similar period of aerobic training was without effect on the Fig. 2 Erythrocyte flux response to ACh in the control group at baseline (triangles) and 6 months (crosses).…”

“…However, despite the accumulating evidence supporting the reversal of endothelial dysfunction in the macrocirculation, there is limited evidence in adults to suggest that regular aerobic exercise can augment performance of the microcirculation [16]. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether 6 months of regular aerobic exercise would improve microvascular function in adults with type 2 diabetes.…”

Effects of upper-limb exercise on lower-limb cutaneous microvascular function in post-surgical varicose-vein patients

“…In contrast to lower-limb exercise training (Klonizakis et al 2009b), upper-limb exercise training was ineffective for attenuating lower-limb cutaneous microvascular endothelial dysfunction in post-surgical varicose-vein patients. Previous studies have reported improvements in ACh-responsiveness of the forearm skin microvessels after lower-limb aerobic exercise training (Wang 2005;Hodges et al in press). Therefore, the available evidence suggests that lower-limb aerobic exercise can improve upper-limb cutaneous microvascular endothelial function, but not vice versa.…”

L-arginina aumenta a produção endotelial de óxido nítrico e reduz a pressão arterial de repouso sem alterar as respostas pressóricas do exercício

“…O óxido nítrico exerce ação pleiotrópica no organismo, sendo importante no controle da agregação plaquetária, resistência e crescimento vascular, no ritmo de filtração glomerular e processos inflamatórios, dentre outros fatores (Maeda et al, 2001;Wang, 2005). Nas células endoteliais, o L-arginina, que é um aminoá-cido essencial e sofre a ação de uma enzima produzida no endotélio, a óxido nítrico sintase (eNOS) (Green, Maiorana, O'Driscoll, & Taylor, 2004;Lassègue & Clempus, 2003: Tatchum--Talom, Schulz, Mcneill, & Khadour, 2000.…”