Effects of exercise timing on metabolic health

Martínez‐Montoro, José Ignacio; Benítez-Porres, Javier; Tinahones, Francisco J.; Ortega‐Gómez, Almudena; Murri, Mora

doi:10.1111/obr.13599

Obesity Reviews

2023

DOI: 10.1111/obr.13599

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Effects of exercise timing on metabolic health

José Ignacio Martínez‐Montoro

Javier Benítez-Porres

Francisco J. Tinahones

et al.

Abstract: SummaryThe increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome is associated with major health and socioeconomic consequences. Currently, physical exercise, together with dietary interventions, is the mainstay of the treatment of obesity and related metabolic complications. Although exercise training includes different modalities, with variable intensity, duration, volume, or frequency, which may have a distinct impact on several characteristics related to metabolic syndrome, the potential effects of exercise timing o… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

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Efficacy of morning versus afternoon aerobic exercise training on reducing metabolic syndrome components: A randomized controlled trial

Morales‐Palomo,

Moreno‐Cabañas,

Alvarez‐Jimenez

et al. 2023

The Journal of Physiology

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A supervised intense aerobic exercise program improves the health of individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, it is unclear whether the timing of training within the 24 h day would influence those health benefits. The present study aimed to determine the influence of morning vs. afternoon exercise on body composition, cardiometabolic health and components of MetS. One hundred thirty‐nine individuals with MetS were block randomized into morning (AMEX; n = 42) or afternoon (PMEX; n = 59) exercise training groups, or a non‐training control group (Control; n = 38). Exercise training was comprised of 48 supervised high‐intensity interval sessions distributed over 16 weeks. Body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (assessed by ), maximal fat oxidation (FOmax), blood pressure and blood metabolites were assessed before and after the intervention. Compared with the non‐training Control, both exercise groups improved similarly body composition (–0.7% fat loss; P = 0.002), waist circumference (–2.1 cm; P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (–3.8 mmHg; P = 0.004) and (3.5 mL kg−1 min−1; P < 0.001) with no differences between training groups. AMEX, in comparison with PMEX, reduced systolic blood pressure (–4% vs. –1%; P = 0.019), plasma fasting insulin concentration (–12% vs. –5%; P = 0.001) and insulin resistance (–14% vs. –4%; P = 0.006). Furthermore, MetS Z score was further reduced in the AMEX compared to PMEX (–52% vs. –19%; P = 0.021) after training. In summary, high‐intensity aerobic exercise training in the morning in comparison to training in the afternoon is somewhat more efficient at reducing cardiometabolic risk factors (i.e. systolic blood pressure and insulin sensitivity). imageKey points The effect of exercise time of day on health promotion is an area that has gained interest in recent years; however, large‐scale, randomized‐control studies are scarce. People with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases and reductions in this risk with exercise training can be precisely gauged using a compound score sensitive to subtle evolution in each MetS component (i.e. Z score). Supervised aerobic exercise for 16 weeks (morning and afternoon), without dietary restriction, improved cardiorespiratory and metabolic fitness, body composition and mean arterial pressure compared to a non‐exercise control group. However, training in the morning, without changes in exercise dose or intensity, reduced systolic blood pressure and insulin resistance further compared to when training in the afternoon. Thus, high‐intensity aerobic exercise training in the morning is somewhat more efficient in improving the health of individuals with metabolic syndrome.

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Efficacy of morning versus afternoon aerobic exercise training on reducing metabolic syndrome components: A randomized controlled trial

Morales‐Palomo,

Moreno‐Cabañas,

Alvarez‐Jimenez

et al. 2023

The Journal of Physiology

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Development and validation of a predictive model for white matter lesions in young- and middle-aged people

Zhang,

Peng,

Cai

et al. 2023

Front. Neurol.

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BackgroundWhite matter lesion (WML) is an age-related disorder associated with stroke and cognitive impairment. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and build a predictive model of WML in young- and middle-aged people.MethodsWe performed a second analysis of the data from the Dryad Digital Repository. We selected those people who are <60 years old and randomly divided them into the training group and the validation group. We investigated the risk factors of WML in the training group with logistic regression analysis and built a prediction nomogram based on multivariate logistic regression analysis; finally, the performance of the prediction nomogram was evaluated for discrimination, accuracy, and clinical utility.ResultsThere were 308 people in the training group and 723 people in the validation group. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the age (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.31–1.70), diastolic blood pressure (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.03), carotid plaque score (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.14–1.50), female gender (OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.56–3.30), and metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.22–3.70) were significantly associated with white matter lesions. The area under the curve value (AUC) of the receiver operating curve (ROC) was 0.734 for the training group and 0.642 for the validation group. The calibration curve and clinical impact curve showed that the prediction nomogram has good accuracy and clinical application value.ConclusionAge, diastolic blood pressure, carotid plaque score, female gender, and metabolic syndrome were risk factors in young- and middle-aged people <60 years old with WML, and the nomogram based on these risk factors showed good discrimination, accuracy, and clinical utility.

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Advancing Alzheimer’s Therapeutics: Exploring the Impact of Physical Exercise in Animal Models and Patients

Andrade-Guerrero,

Rodríguez-Arellano,

Barron-Leon

et al. 2023

Cells

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the main neurodegenerative disorder characterized by several pathophysiological features, including the misfolding of the tau protein and the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, metabolic alterations, and cognitive impairment. These mechanisms collectively contribute to neurodegeneration, necessitating the exploration of therapeutic approaches with multiple targets. Physical exercise has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for AD, with demonstrated effects on promoting neurogenesis, activating neurotrophic factors, reducing Aβ aggregates, minimizing the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), dampening inflammatory processes, mitigating oxidative stress, and improving the functionality of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Overall, the neuroprotective effects of exercise are not singular, but are multi-targets. Numerous studies have investigated physical exercise’s potential in both AD patients and animal models, employing various exercise protocols to elucidate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and effects. The objective of this review is to analyze the neurological therapeutic effects of these exercise protocols in animal models and compare them with studies conducted in AD patients. By translating findings from different approaches, this review aims to identify opportune, specific, and personalized therapeutic windows, thus advancing research on the use of physical exercise with AD patients.

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Effects of exercise timing on metabolic health

Cited by 3 publications

References 169 publications

Efficacy of morning versus afternoon aerobic exercise training on reducing metabolic syndrome components: A randomized controlled trial

Efficacy of morning versus afternoon aerobic exercise training on reducing metabolic syndrome components: A randomized controlled trial

Development and validation of a predictive model for white matter lesions in young- and middle-aged people

Advancing Alzheimer’s Therapeutics: Exploring the Impact of Physical Exercise in Animal Models and Patients

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