Effects of exercise on physical fitness in children with intellectual disability

Simplifying Fitness Games for Users with Learning Disabilities

“…In general, people with LD exhibit poor fitness performance in terms of strength, endurance, and motor coordination [12]. Research has shown that this low performance is associated with limited motor development, sedentary lifestyle, mental impairments and short attention span [12].…”

“…Research has shown that this low performance is associated with limited motor development, sedentary lifestyle, mental impairments and short attention span [12]. Lack of motivation is also a cause for low levels of fitness [13].…”

Dual-task functional exercises as an effective way to improve dynamic balance in persons with intellectual disability – continuation of the project

“…The research to date has shown that children and adolescents with ID have numerous disturbances concerning both cognitive and motor functioning [1,2]. They are less active than their healthy peers [3,4], prone to overweight and obesity [5,6], and mostly lead a sedentary way of life [7,8].…”

Influence of intellectual impairment on basketball performance = Influencia de la discapacidad intelectual sobre el rendimiento en baloncesto

“…Hartman, Houwen, Scherder, & Visscher (2010) manifested that children with II were impaired in qualitative motor skills and in higher-order executive functions. Golubovic, Maksimovic, Golubovic, & Glumbic (2012) found that children with II performed poorer in balance skills compared with AB-children and explained these differences by the child's inability to react adequately to visual and propioceptive information.…”

“…These lower results could be also attributed to other factors including (a) sedentary lifestyle, (b) poor motivation to perform a test (c) the lack of possibilities to take part into physical activities (d) difficulties to accurate fitness assessment in this population, (e) physical characteristics such as short stature, postural control problems, and cardiovascular insufficiency (f) chronotropic incompetence (misbalance between maximal heart rate and metabolic levels at maximal or submaximal effort) and (g) reduced strength (Borji et al, 2014;Graham & Reid, 2000;Stanišić, 2012;Van de Vliet et al, 2006). Several studies indicated that athletes with higher degree of II scored lower in motor skills and fitness tasks (Elmahgoub, Van de Velde, Peersman, Cambier, & Calders, 2012;Golubovic et al, 2012;Lejčarová, 2009). Also, it was found a relationship between the etiology of II with level of motor skills and fitness (Lejčarova, 2008).…”