Effects of exercise on leukocytosis and blood hemostasis in 800 healthy young females and males

Abstract

AIM:To investigate the effects of exercise on healthy individuals of both genders. METHODS:This study lasted 6 years and involved about 800 healthy people. Individuals were divided into females and males and further sub-divided into two groups; in the first group individuals run (or skied in the winter time) and then rested for 3 h, whereas individuals in the second group intensely cycled for 5 min. The status of health was determined by measuring the sedimentation rate and the intensity of exercises by measuring the heart rate. Blood samples were collected before and after exercise. RESULTS:We observed that in the first group a significant increase of the total white blood cells, segmented neutrophils, band neutrophils, eosinophils and to a lesser extent lymphocytes but not monocytes in the blood circulation. However, all cell types were increased in the circulation after 5 min intense exercise. No differences in the pattern of cell increase were observed among the genders. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and D-dimer were also measured in the blood of individuals who cycled intensely for 5 min to determine the coagulation and fibrinolytic activities in the blood. APTT is reduced and D-dimer values significantly increased after intense exercise. However, APTT was statistically lower in males than females, whereas no differences in the D-dimer values were observed among the genders. CONCLUSION:Our results indicate that exercise whether leisure or strenuous affects leukocytosis and hemostasis in both genders. A major advantage of this study is the high numbers of individuals involved and the inclusion of both females and males values.

Biomarker Changes after Strenuous Exercise Can Mimic Pulmonary Embolism and Cardiac Injury—A Metaanalysis of 45 Studies

“…This metaanalysis demonstrated significant increase of D-dimer after strenuous exercise, which may mimic a thrombotic event in the clinical setting. Physical exertion leads to activation of platelets, coagulation, and fibrinolysis (29 ).…”

Effects of Repeated Bouts of Exercise on the Hemostatic System

“…The response of peripheral blood cell counts and D-dimer levels to a single bout of exercise appear the same in both genders, whereas the postexercise clotting times decreased more in males than females. 124 The sparse data available for repetitive exercise suggests that gender may modulate the fibrinolytic response to training, as endurance training-induced improvements in endogenous fibrinolysis markers, that is, a decrease in PAI-1 and increase in tPA levels, are somewhat greater in men compared with women. 125…”

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“…The beneficial effect of aerobic exercise in accelerating the metabolic rate and burn fat, fight obesity and increase blood circulation leading to transfer larger amount of oxygen and nutrients to the muscles has already be proven by research (Hilberg et al, 2013;Mikus et al, 2011;Sand et al, 2013). The increase in aerobic physical activity is now considered a key component of lifestyle modification in order to prevent and treat high blood pressure (Whelton et al, 2002).…”

“…www.efsupit.ro 588 and sudden death occurring immediately after exercise, have solely focused on the effect aerobic exercise to examine the biological relationship between physical activity and haemostatic function (Donde et al, 2013;Sand et al, 2013). Furthermore, the results of these studies are strongly influenced by variables such as the type, intensity and duration of exercise and the methods used for haemostatic evaluation (De Paz et al, 1995;Mikus et al, 2011).…”

“…Furthermore, a number of studies have been conducted to elucidate the biological relationship between physical activity and haemostatic function and the effect of aerobic exercise on the haemostatic function and fibrinolytic system (Sand et al, 2013). Fibrinogen as a protein produced by the liver and found in blood plasma, contributes to cessation of bleeding, assisting in the formation of thrombi.…”