Effects of exercise and food restriction in pregnant and newborn rats. Pre-pregnancy maximum oxygen consumption

Perales, J.L. Gómez; Patrick, Francy R.S.; Amâncio, Olga Maria Silvério; Piçarro, Ivan da Cruz; Rodrigues, Luiz Oswaldo Carneiro; Russo, Adriana Kowalesky

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(92)90214-b

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Exercise during pregnancy does not change the metabolism in the skeletal muscle of the offspring 28d after birth (Rodgers et al 1991), as indicated by the lack of enzymic changes. Perales et al (1992) followed the effect of exercise and food restriction in pregnant and newborn rats. In this study, newborn body weight was mainly influenced by food restriction of the mother rather than by her exercise.…”

Section: The Injluence Of Physical Activity During Pregnancy On Latermentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between physical activity and nutrition early in life and their impact on later development

Pařízková

1998

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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It has been rare to find studies of the influence of nutrition on growth that have incorporated careful measurements of physical activity. This paper reviews interactions between physical activity and nutrition in early life and finds that such interactions have a significant influence on growth and later metabolism.Young animals are generally characterized by a high level of spontaneous motor activity that contributes to a high rate of energy turnover in early life. Such activity varies greatly between species and individuals and can be increased by reduced (but not extreme) dietary intake especially of protein, with consequent effects on growth rate (slower), body composition (leaner), eventual body size (smaller), lifespan (longer), cardiac resistance to toxic substances (increased) and changes in body lipids. Most studies have been conducted with laboratory rats but the much smaller literature concerning human beings is also reviewed here.In rats, exercise during pregnancy results in offspring that are smaller and leaner and there are later improvements in cardiac microstructure, cardiac resistance to toxic substances and lower plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations.In industrialized countries in recent years, children's fitness, especially of the cardiorespiratory system has not developed at the same pace as body size, or has deteriorated, whereas average body mass index (BMI) and the overall prevalence of obesity have increased. This is partly accounted for by reduced levels of physical activity but there is some evidence that higher intakes of dietary proteins in early life are also implicated. Much recent research has focused on the influence of nutrition in the prenatal and early postnatal period on later health. This review has also underlined the importance of exercise and its interaction with diet beginning with the pregnant mother and continuing through childhood. Development and wider use of simple but reliable methods for the evaluation of physical activity and fitness in young children is now an important priority.

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Section: The Injluence Of Physical Activity During Pregnancy On Latermentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between physical activity and nutrition early in life and their impact on later development

Pařízková

1998

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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“…Embora a literatura seja rica em estudos sobre a influência da desnutrição no sistema imune e exista um número crescente de publicações relacionando exercício e sistema imune, são poucos os estudos que apontam as repercussões recíprocas entre estado nutricional, exercício e resposta imunológica (PERALES et al, 1992). …”

Section: Exercício Crônico E Sistema Imunológicounclassified

Influência do exercício sobre a resposta imunológica de ratos desnutridos.

Cunha¹

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Beneficial intergenerational effects of exercise on brain and cognition: a multilevel meta‐analysis of mean and variance

et al. 2021

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Physical exercise not only helps to improve physical health but can also enhance brain development and cognition. Recent reports on parental (both maternal and paternal) effects raise the possibility that parental exercise may provide benefits to offspring through intergenerational inheritance. However, the general magnitude and consistency of parental exercise effects on offspring is still controversial. Additionally, empirical research has long overlooked an important aspect of exercise: its effects on variability in neurodevelopmental and cognitive traits. Here, we compiled data from 52 studies involving 4786 rodents (412 effect sizes) to quantify the intergenerational transmission of exercise effects on brain and cognition. Using a multilevel meta‐analytic approach, we found that, overall, parental exercise showed a tendency for increasing their offspring's brain structure by 12.7% (albeit statistically non‐significant) probably via significantly facilitating neurogenesis (16.5%). Such changes in neural anatomy go in hand with a significant 20.8% improvement in neurobehaviour (improved learning and memory, and reduced anxiety). Moreover, we found parental exercise significantly reduces inter‐individual differences (i.e. reduced variance in the treatment group) in progeny's neurobehaviour by 10.2% (coefficient of variation ratio, lnCVR), suggesting the existence of an individual by intervention interaction. The positive effects of exercise are modulated by several covariates (i.e. moderators), such as the exercised parent's sex, offspring's sex, and age, mode of exercise, and exercise timing. In particular, parental forced exercise is more efficient than voluntary exercise at significantly improving offspring neurobehaviour (26.0%) and reducing its variability (14.2%). We observed larger effects when parental exercise started before pregnancy. However, exercising only during pregnancy also had positive effects. Mechanistically, exercise significantly upregulated brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by 28.9%, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by 35.8%, and significantly decreased hippocampal DNA methylation by 3.5%, suggesting that brain growth factor cascades and epigenetic modifications can moderate the transmission of parental exercise effects. Collectively, by coupling mean with variance effects, our analyses draw a more integrated picture of the benefits that parental exercise has on offspring: not only does it improve offspring brain development and cognitive performance, but it also reduces inter‐individual differences in cognition‐related traits. We advocate that meta‐analysis of variation together with the mean of a trait provides novel insights for old controversies as well as emerging new questions, opening up a new era for generating variance‐based hypotheses.

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Effects of exercise and food restriction in pregnant and newborn rats. Pre-pregnancy maximum oxygen consumption

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Interaction between physical activity and nutrition early in life and their impact on later development

Interaction between physical activity and nutrition early in life and their impact on later development

Influência do exercício sobre a resposta imunológica de ratos desnutridos.

Beneficial intergenerational effects of exercise on brain and cognition: a multilevel meta‐analysis of mean and variance

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