Effects of exercise and dietary protein sources on adiposity and insulin sensitivity in obese mice

Fjære, Even; Myrmel, Lene Secher; Lützhøft, Ditte Olsen; Andersen, Hanné; Holm, Jacob Bak; Kiilerich, Pia; Hannisdal, Rita; Liaset, Bjørn; Kristiansen, Karsten; Madsen, Lise

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.003

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Here we show that in both lean and obese mice VWR induces skeletal muscle adaptations to an exhaustive exercise bout. Additionally, in accordance with previous studies 30,31 we found an improvement of glucose homeostasis by VWR in obese mice. These facts together with the blunted lactate increase after exhaustive exercise indicate that VWR induces both metabolic and skeletal muscle specific exercise adaptations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Role of GDF15 in active lifestyle induced metabolic adaptations and acute exercise response in mice

Gil

Ost

Kasch

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Physical activity is an important contributor to muscle adaptation and metabolic health. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is established as cellular and nutritional stress-induced cytokine but its physiological role in response to active lifestyle or acute exercise is unknown. Here, we investigated the metabolic phenotype and circulating GDF15 levels in lean and obese male C57Bl/6J mice with long-term voluntary wheel running (VWR) intervention. Additionally, treadmill running capacity and exercise-induced muscle gene expression was examined in GDF15-ablated mice. Active lifestyle mimic via VWR improved treadmill running performance and, in obese mice, also metabolic phenotype. The post-exercise induction of skeletal muscle transcriptional stress markers was reduced by VWR. Skeletal muscle GDF15 gene expression was very low and only transiently increased post-exercise in sedentary but not in active mice. Plasma GDF15 levels were only marginally affected by chronic or acute exercise. In obese mice, VWR reduced GDF15 gene expression in different tissues but did not reverse elevated plasma GDF15. Genetic ablation of GDF15 had no effect on exercise performance but augmented the post exercise expression of transcriptional exercise stress markers (Atf3, Atf6, and Xbp1s) in skeletal muscle. We conclude that skeletal muscle does not contribute to circulating GDF15 in mice, but muscle GDF15 might play a protective role in the exercise stress response.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Role of GDF15 in active lifestyle induced metabolic adaptations and acute exercise response in mice

Gil

Ost

Kasch

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…In line with human epidemiological studies [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] and earlier observations in mice [ 15 , 24 , 33 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], we here demonstrate that different protein sources exhibit profound differences in their ability to modulate obesity development. This study supports the notion that dietary proteins from marine sources are less obesogenic than protein from terrestrial sources [ 24 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Anti-Obesogenic Effect of Lean Fish Species Is Influenced by the Fatty Acid Composition in Fish Fillets

et al. 2020

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Fillets from marine fish species contain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the form of phospholipids (PLs). To investigate the importance of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs in mediating the anti-obesogenic effect of lean seafood, we compared the anti-obesogenic properties of fillets from cod with fillets from pangasius, a fresh water fish with a very low content of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs. We prepared high-fat/high-protein diets using chicken, cod and pangasius as the protein sources, and fed male C57BL/6J mice these diets for 12 weeks. Mice fed the diet containing cod gained less adipose tissue mass and had smaller white adipocytes than mice fed the chicken-containing diet, whereas mice fed the pangasius-containing diet were in between mice fed the chicken-containing diet and mice fed the cod-containing diet. Of note, mice fed the pangasius-containing diet exhibited reduced glucose tolerance compared to mice fed the cod-containing diet. Although the sum of marine n-3 PUFAs comprised less than 2% of the total fatty acids in the cod-containing diet, this was sufficient to significantly increase the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) in mouse tissues and enhance production of n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators as compared with mice fed pangasius or chicken.

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“…Verrucomicrobia has anti-inflammatory, antiatherosclerotic, and insulin sensitivity effects (Schneeberger et al, 2015). The increased relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia can cause changes that are beneficial to metabolism and help mice reduce obesity (Fjaere et al, 2019).…”

Section: Effect Of Drug Intervention On Intestinal Flora Of High-fat Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the Gut Microbiota and Liver Transcriptome by Red Yeast Rice and Monascus Pigment Fermented by Purple Monascus SHM1105 in Rats Fed with a High-Fat Diet

et al. 2021

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Hyperlipidemia can easily cause atherosclerosis and induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Red yeast rice (RYR) contains a variety of active ingredients and is commonly used as medicine and food, and has pharmacological effects such as lowering blood lipids. In this study, we select Monascus strain SHM1105 with a high yield of Monacolin K and monascus pigment (PIG), and studied the effects of the RYR and PIG fermented by this strain on blood lipids, intestinal flora, and liver transcriptome in hyperlipidemia model rats. The experimental results show that, compared with the high-fat model group, the weight growth rate, liver weight ratio, kidney weight ratio, spleen weight ratio, and fat weight ratio of rats in the gavage lovastatin (LOV), RYR, and PIG group were all significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Intervention with RYR and PIG can significantly reduce the serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels, which has the effect of lowering blood lipids. The 16SrDNA sequencing results showed that the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) after the intervention of LOV, RYR, and PIG; the abundance of the ratio of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Bacteroidales-S24-7-group also changed. The combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome showed that lovastatin, RYR, and PIG can all improve lipid metabolism in rats by regulating Steroid hormone biosynthesis, Glycerolipid metabolism, and the Arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. In addition, RYR and PIG also have a unique way of regulating blood lipids. Although a lot of research on the lipid-lowering components of Monascus rice and the single pigment component of Monascus has been carried out, the actual application is RYR and pigments as mixtures, as a mixture of RYR and PIG contains a variety of biologically active ingredients, and each component may have a synergistic effect. Hence it has a lipid-lowering mechanism that lovastatin does not have. Therefore, RYR and PIG are effective in reducing lipid potential development and can be utilized in functional foods.

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Effects of exercise and dietary protein sources on adiposity and insulin sensitivity in obese mice

Cited by 13 publications

References 52 publications

Role of GDF15 in active lifestyle induced metabolic adaptations and acute exercise response in mice

Role of GDF15 in active lifestyle induced metabolic adaptations and acute exercise response in mice

The Anti-Obesogenic Effect of Lean Fish Species Is Influenced by the Fatty Acid Composition in Fish Fillets

Modulation of the Gut Microbiota and Liver Transcriptome by Red Yeast Rice and Monascus Pigment Fermented by Purple Monascus SHM1105 in Rats Fed with a High-Fat Diet

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