Effects of exercise and anabolic steroids on total and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in male and female rats

Leeds, Eileen M.; Wilkerson, James E.; Brown, Gordon D.; Kamen, Gary; Bredle, Donald L.

doi:10.1249/00005768-198612000-00010

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Similar to the previously cited eVects in humans, behavior was also altered by the administration of AAS, manifesting an increased aggression in rats (Clark and Barber 1994;Lumia et al 1994). A decrease in HDL (Leeds et al 1986) and a signiWcant right ventricular hypertrophy (Moore et al 1978) were also found in AAS-treated rats. Administration of AAS without resistance exercise, however, resulted in conXicting observations on skeletal muscles, exhibiting an increase in muscle weight (Aigner and Frick 1981) or no change in performance (Brown and Pilch 1972;Soares and Duarte 1991;Tingus and Carlsen 1993).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Diverse effects of stanozolol in C57BL/6J and A/J mouse strains

Lionikas

Blizard

2008

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Utilizing a rat model of ischemic stroke, we have previously shown that sensory stimulation can completely protect rats from impending ischemic damage of cortex if this treatment is delivered within the first two hours post-permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAo). The current study sought to extend our findings in rats to mice, which would allow new avenues of research not available in rats. Thus, young adult C57BL/6J and CD1 mice were tested for protection from ischemic stroke with the same protective sensory stimulation based treatment. Cortical activity and blood flow were assessed with intrinsic signal optical imaging (ISOI) and laser speckle imaging (LSI), respectively, and histological analysis (TTC) was performed at the completion of the experiments. Standing in stark contrast to the positive results observed in rats, in both strains we found that there were no differences between treated and untreated mice at 24 hours post-pMCAo in terms of infarct volume, negative functional imaging results, and major reduction in retrograde collateral blood flow as compared to pre-pMCAo baseline and surgical controls. Also, no differences were found between the strains in terms of theses variables. Potential reasons for the differences between rats and mice are discussed.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Diverse effects of stanozolol in C57BL/6J and A/J mouse strains

Lionikas

Blizard

2008

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…Reported side effects associated with the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids abound. 27,33,43 The most commonly reported adverse effects include potential for drug dependency, 14 HIV transmission, 21 psychological disturbances, 14 liver abnormalities, 32 reproductive system and thyroid function abnormalities, 3 gynecomastia, 29 increased potential for atherogenic and cardiovascular problems, 26,46 and the possibility for increased risk of tendon ruptures. 7,47,51 In this model, with relatively short-term administration of nandrolone decanoate, we saw only the androgenic effects and were unable to determine other adverse changes.…”

Section: Clinical Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Administration Causes Hypertrophy of Immobilized and Nonimmobilized Skeletal Muscle in a Sedentary Rabbit Model

1999

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Although the use of anabolic agents in athletics has generated extensive publicity and controversy, the potential therapeutic benefits of these drugs have not been fully investigated. This randomized, blinded experimental study investigated whether short-term administration of an anabolic-androgenic steroid can limit immobilization-induced muscle atrophy in a rabbit model. We casted one hindlimb each in 48 New Zealand White rabbits and randomly assigned the rabbits to two groups. The treated group received weekly intramuscular injections of the anabolic-androgenic steroid, nandrolone decanoate (15 mg/kg). Immobilization significantly decreased muscle weights in both the treated rabbits and controls. Compared with controls, the body weights of the treated rabbits increased significantly at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. At 4 and 8 weeks, wet weights, dry weights, and contractile forces were significantly greater in both the casted and noncasted tibialis anterior muscle-tendon units of the treated group. Dry weights and casted contractile forces of the extensor digitorum longus muscle unit at 4 weeks and all measures at 8 weeks were greater in the treated rabbits than in controls. These results are contrary to previously accepted views that anabolic-androgenic steroid use leads to muscle hypertrophy only in conjunction with strength training. This study adds to the growing evidence that anabolic-androgenic steroids can produce significant skeletal muscle hypertrophy in sedentary populations.

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“…In this regard, the use of maturating animals would provide greater control over these confounding variables; however, identifying a strength training mode in animals to mimic resistance training in humans has been a significant obstacle. Previous studies in rats to mimic resistance training involved electric shock as the motivation for animals to jump with weighted vests [10,13,22], simulating leg squat exercise. In a different study, Robling et al [16] immobilized the forelimb and applied compressive force to the ulna using a motor-driven device to ensure equivalent mechanical loads between groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the challenge of getting animals to lift a heavy mass, studies employing a strength training model for use in animals are limited. Previous studies in rats used an electrical stimulus or unconscious animals [10,16,17,22] where either could inadvertently impose other confounding variables. Notomi et al [14] were among the first investigators to introduce and report a modified resistance training exercise protocol in animals for the study of bone modeling.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%