Effects of excess sugars and lipids on the growth and development of Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract

Background: Excessive intake of carbohydrates and fats causes over-nutrition, leading to a variety of diseases and complications. Here, we characterized the effects of different types of sugar and lipids on the growth and development of Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods: We measured the lifespan, reproductive capacity, and length of nematodes after sugars and lipids treatment alone and co-treatment of sugars and lipids. Furthermore, we studied the mechanisms underlying the damage caused by high-sucrose and high-stearic acid on C.elegans by using transcriptome sequencing technology. Results: The results showed that a certain concentration of sugar and lipid promoted the growth and development of nematodes. However, excessive sugars and lipids shortened the lifespan and length of nematodes and destroyed their reproductive capacity. Based on the results of the orthogonal test, we selected 400 mmol/L sucrose and 500 μg/mL stearic acid to model a high-sugar and high-lipid diet for C. elegans. Conclusion: High-sugar and high-lipid intake altered the expression of genes involved in biofilm synthesis, genes that catalyze the synthesis and degradation of endogenous substances, and genes involved in innate immunity, resulting in physiological damage. Furthermore, we explored the protective effect of resveratrol on high-sugar and high-lipid damage to nematodes. Resveratrol plays a role in repairing by participating in the metabolism of foreign substances and reducing cellular oxidative stress.

Neurodevelopmental Toxicity of Polystyrene Nanoplastics inCaenorhabditis elegansand the Regulating Effect of Presenilin

“…A head thrash is defined as one swing of nematode body, and a body bending refers to crawling of one wavelength. 48 After PS-NP exposure, C. elegans was transferred to the surface of fresh NGM, and the frequency of head thrash and body bending within 20 s were counted under a microscope (Olympus BX51, Japan). For each treatment group, at least 20 nematodes were randomly picked and examined from three independent experiments.…”

Acetyl-CoA Metabolism and Histone Acetylation in the Regulation of Aging and Lifespan

“…Supplementation of acetate [ 417 ], ethanol [ 418 ], pyruvate [ 414 ], BHB [ 384 ], or fatty acids [ 419 ] at moderate doses have all been shown to extend lifespan in C. elegans . As an example, supplementation of C. elegans with the fatty acids stearic acid (50 μg/mL) or linoleic acid (200 μg/mL) increased lifespan up to 32% and 17%, respectively [ 419 ]. Acetyl-CoA could be a common downstream metabolite of these compounds that leads to increased histone acetylation to mediate the longevity effects.…”

Microfluidic Electric Egg-Laying Assay and Application toIn-vivoToxicity Screening of Microplastics usingC. elegans

“…It has been shown that glucose affects the worm growth with a discrepancy in the literature, i.e., papers showing an increase 43,45 or decrease 41,46 in the worms’ size. Here, we investigated whether exposure to 100 mM glucose results in changes in the worms’ growth by measuring their lengths and diameters on the multi-worm device after the egg-laying assay.…”

“…For instance, different studies have shown the adverse effects of glucose on the natural egg-laying rate and life span of C. elegans as an application for antidiabetic drug screening. 29,[39][40][41][42][43] Moreover, two recent studies illustrated the associated neurotoxicity effects of glucose on protein aggregation in C. elegans models of Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. 44,45 Given the laboriousness and time-consuming nature of these experiments, we asked whether glucose affects the electrical egg-laying response of C. elegans and if this method can be used to speed up such chemical screening studies.…”