Effects of Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl (EGME) and Monoethyl (EGEE) Ethers on the Immunocompetence of Allogeneic and Syngeneic Mice Bearing L1210 Mouse Leukemia

Houchens, David P.; Ovejera, Artemio A.; Niemeier, Richard W.

doi:10.2307/3429906

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

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“…The researchers stated that the results of this study suggest that Ethoxyethanol could have an antitumor effect through increased immunological competence or immunomodulation (Houchens, Ovejera, and Niemeier 1984).…”

Section: Immune System Effectsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…It was stated that the 8-day survival time falls within the acceptable range (8 to 11 days) for the L1210 tumor at this challenge level. However, no effect on the MST of syngeneic mice dosed with Ethoxyethanol was found, indicating no direct antitumor effect of this chemical (Houchens, Ovejera, and Niemeier 1984).…”

Section: Immune System Effectsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Necropsies were performed to determine the presence of leukemic ascites, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. The study results are summarized below (Houchens, Ovejera, and Niemeier 1984).…”

Section: Immune System Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when mice dosed with Ethoxyethanol were challenged with 3 £ 10 6 tumor cells, no more than one mouse per group died. The researchers stated that these results indicated that either Ethoxyethanol had prophylactic activity or that the immune system was stimulated (Houchens, Ovejera, and Niemeier 1984).…”

Section: Immune System Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differential counts of blood smears from allogeneic mice indicated monocytosis, which was considered indicative of monocytic leukemia, in mice that did not survive to the end of the study. Of the allogeneic mice dosed with Ethoxyethanol and necropsied on day 43, 7% had cholecystitis (Houchens, Ovejera, and Niemeier 1984).…”

Section: Immune System Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Ethoxyethanol and Ethoxyethanol Acetate

Johnson¹

2002

Int J Toxicol

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Ethoxyethanol is an ether alcohol described as a solvent and viscosity-decreasing agent for use in cosmetics. Ethoxyethanol Acetate is the ester of Ethoxyethanol and acetic acid described as a solvent for use in cosmetics. Although these ingredients have been used in the past, neither ingredient is in current use. Ethoxyethanol is produced by reacting ethylene oxide with ethyl alcohol. Ethoxyethanol Acetate is produced via an esterification of Ethoxyethanol and acetic acid, acetic acid anhydride, or acetic chloride. Ethoxyethanol is metabolized to ethoxyacetaldehyde, which is further metabolized to ethoxyacetic acid, which is also a metabolite of Ethoxyethanol Acetate. Low to moderate acute inhalation toxicity is seen in animals studies. Acute oral toxicity studies in several species reported kidney damage, including extreme tubular degeneration. Kidney damage was also seen in acute dermal toxicity studies in rats and rabbits. Minor liver and kidney damage was also seen in short-term studies of rats injected subcutaneously with Ethoxyethanol, but was absent in dogs dosed intravenously. Mixed toxicity results were also seen in subchronic tests in mice and rats. Ethoxyethanol and Ethoxyethanol Acetate were mild to moderate eye irritants in rabbits; mild skin irritants in rabbits, and nonsensitizing in guinea pigs. Most genotoxicity tests were negative, but chromosome aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges were among the positive results seen. Numerous reproductive and developmental toxicity studies, across several species, involving various routes of administration, indicate that Ethoxyethanol and Ethoxyethanol Acetate are reproductive toxicants and teratogens. Mild anemia was reported in individuals exposed occupationally to Ethoxyethanol, which resolved when the chemical was not used. Reproductive effects have been noted in males exposed occupationally to Ethoxyethanol. Although there are insufficient data to determine the potential carcinogenic effects of Ethoxyethanol or Ethoxyethanol Acetate, there is evidence that these chemicals are absorbed across human skin and that they are reproductive and developmental toxicants via dermal exposure. Therefore, these ingredients are unsafe for use in cosmetic formulations.

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Section: Immune System Effectsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Immune System Effectsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Necropsies were performed to determine the presence of leukemic ascites, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. The study results are summarized below (Houchens, Ovejera, and Niemeier 1984).…”

Section: Immune System Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immune System Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immune System Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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