Effects of ethinyl estradiol-containing oral contraception and other factors on body composition and muscle strength among young healthy females in Finland—A cross-sectional study

Suuronen, Juha; Sjöblom, Samu; Tuppurainen, Marjo; Honkanen, Risto; Rikkonen, Toni; Kröger, Heikki; Sirola, Joonas

doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.11.015

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Only two studies from our search investigated the influence of single hormones on muscle strength and function. One study reported that the dose of synthetic progestogen in OCs did not affect maximal strength (Peters & Burrows, 2006), while another study reported that COC users had less muscle mass and weaker grip strength than females using progestogen‐only OC and non‐users ( n = 141 in COC group, 25 in progestogen group) (Suuronen et al, 2019). This suggests that ethinyl estradiol, but not progestogens, may influence muscle mass and strength in pre‐menopausal females.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of sex hormones on skeletal muscle adaptation in females

Alexander

Pollock

Lamon

2021

European Journal of Sport Science

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Sex steroids, commonly referred to as sex hormones, are integral to the development and maintenance of the human reproductive system. In addition, male (androgens) and female (estrogens and progestogens) sex hormones promote the development of secondary sex characteristics by targeting a range of other tissues, including skeletal muscle. The role of androgens on skeletal muscle mass, function and metabolism has been well described in males, yet female specific studies are scarce in the literature. This narrative review summarises the available evidence around the mechanistic role of androgens, estrogens and progestogens in female skeletal muscle. An analysis of the literature indicates that sex steroids play important roles in the regulation of female skeletal muscle mass and function. The free fractions of testosterone and progesterone in serum were consistently associated with the regulation of muscle mass, while estrogens may be primarily involved in mediating the muscle contractile function in conjunction with other sex hormones. Muscle strength was however not directly associated with any hormone in isolation when at physiological concentrations. Importantly, recent evidence suggests that intramuscular sex hormone concentrations may be more strongly associated with muscle size and function than circulating forms, providing interesting opportunities for future research. By combining cross-sectional, interventional and mechanical studies, this review aims to provide a broad, multidisciplinary picture of the current knowledge of the effects of sex steroids on skeletal muscle in females, with a focus on the regulation of muscle size and function and an insight into their clinical implications. Highlights. Free testosterone, but not total testosterone, is associated with lean mass but not strength in pre-and post-menopausal females. . Progesterone and estrogens may regulate muscle mass and strength, respectively, in females.. Intra-muscular steroids may be more closely associated to muscle mass and strength, compared to systemic fractions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of sex hormones on skeletal muscle adaptation in females

Alexander

Pollock

Lamon

2021

European Journal of Sport Science

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“…However, only healthy volunteers were included, which eliminates the bias due to morbidities. The young reference population has been described earlier in detail 19 . Moreover, the REFERENCE sample may include persons who have completed higher levels of education than the average Finnish population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the recruitment REFERENCE population was recruited by stratifying it by age as follows: (20-25 years: n=100, 25-30 years: n=100, 30-35 years: n=100, 35-40 years: n=100). In the REFERENCE population, 11.8% exercised once a week or less, 42% 2-3 times per week, 37.5% 4-6 times per week, and 8.8% daily 19 . No chronic diseases were allowed in the participants for the REFERENCE sample.…”

Section: Young Reference Population (Reference)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The diagnostic cut-off points for components of sarcopenia in Finnish Caucasian women: A retrospective cross-sectional study

Sjöblom,

Suuronen,

Rikkonen

et al. 2023

JFSF

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Objectives: To determine the diagnostic cut-off values of components for sarcopenia in Caucasian women. Methods: The present retrospective cross-sectional study based on the REFERENCE sample included 400 healthy women aged 20 to 40 years, and the OSTPRE sample included 344 women aged 63 to 75. The subjects of the OSTPRE population were re-measured five and ten years later after the baseline. Both samples underwent grip strength (GS), quadriceps strength (QS), and total-body DXA (TB-DXA) measurements, from which Relative Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (RSMI) was calculated. Results: In the REFERENCE population, the -1 SD / -2 SD cut-off points were for RSMI 5.8 kg/m 2 / 5.1 kg/m 2 , for GS 32.0 kg / 26.4 kg, and for QS 39.8 kg / 29.8 kg. The prevalence of under -2 SD distributions in REFERENCE were: RSMI 1.8%, GS 1.3%, and QS 2.0%, and in OSTPRE (15/20/25 years measurements): RSMI 1.2 %/1.9 %/0.5 %, GS 52.2%/42.3%/48.8%, and QS 47.4%/55.2%/not available. The distributions of GS and QS were statistically significantly different between REFERENCE and all OSTPRE measurement points (p<0.001 in Chi-squared). Conclusions: The diagnostic cut-offs for components of sarcopenia are RSMI 5.1 kg/m 2 , grip strength 26.4 kg, and quadriceps strength 29.8 kg in Finnish Caucasian women.

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