Effects of ethanol consumption on vasopressin and neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity and mRNA expression in peripheral and central areas related to cardiovascular regulation

Silva, Teresa; Silveira, Gilcélio Amaral da; Fior-Chadi, Débora Rejane; Chadi, Gerson

doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2004.02.003

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The immunolabeling patterns of GABA, NPY, CGRP, Galanin and Neurotensin in the NTS with the employed antibodies presented in our manuscript coincide closely to that extensively described by other authors (Maley 1996;Lawrence et al 1998;Terai et al 1998). The labeling achieved in the present manuscript also coincides exactly with what we have been showing in our recent published papers (Coelho et al 2004;Silva et al 2004;Ferrari and Fior-Chadi 2005).…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrysupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The analysis was performed using a KS 400 image analyzer (Kontron, Zeiss, Germany) linked to a CCD 72 camera (Dage; MTI, Michigan City, Ind., USA) mounted on a Zeiss microscope (409 objective). The procedures have been described in detail elsewhere (Silva et al 2004). The value for each animal was obtained by taking the mean of both sides of the NTS from two adjacent sections.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of bilateral adrenalectomy on systemic kainate-induced activation of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Regulation of blood pressure and local neurotransmitters

2008

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Glutamatergic transmission through metabotropic and ionotropic receptors, including kainate receptors, plays an important role in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) functions. Glutamate system may interact with several other neurotransmitter systems which might also be influenced by steroid hormones. In the present study we analyzed the ability of systemic kainate to stimulate rat NTS neurons, which was evaluated by c-Fos as a marker of neuronal activation, and also to change the levels of NTS neurotransmitters such as GABA, NPY, CGRP, GAL, NT and NO by means of quantitative immunohistichemistry combined with image analysis. The analysis was also performed in adrenalectomized and kainate stimulated rats in order to evaluate a possible role of adrenal hormones on NTS neurotransmission. Male Wistar rats (3 month-old) were used in the present study. A group of 15 rats was submitted either to bilateral adrenalectomy or sham operation. Forty-eight hours after the surgeries, adrenalectomized rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of kainate (12 mg/kg) and the sham-operated rats were injected either with saline or kainate and sacrificed 8 hours later. The same experimental design was applied in a group of rats in order to register the arterial blood pressure. Systemic kainate decreased the basal values of mean arterial blood pressure (35%) and heart rate (22%) of sham-operated rats, reduction that were maintained in adrenalectomized rats. Kainate triggered a marked elevation of c-Fos positive neurons in the NTS which was 54% counteracted by adrenalectomy. The kainate activated NTS showed changes in the immunoreactive levels of GABA (143% of elevation) and NPY (36% of decrease), which were not modified by previous ablation of adrenal glands. Modulation in the levels of CGRP, GAL and NT immunoreactivities were only observed after kainate in the adrenalectomized rats. Treatments did not alter NOS labeling. It is possible that modulatory function among neurotransmitter systems in the NTS might be influenced by steroid hormones and the implications for central regulation of blood pressure or other visceral regulatory mechanisms control should be further investigated.

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Section: Immunohistochemistrysupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of bilateral adrenalectomy on systemic kainate-induced activation of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Regulation of blood pressure and local neurotransmitters

2008

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“…In the absence of inflammatory foci, fields of measurements were sampled in the anterior and posterior horns. The procedures have been described previously [36][37][38][39] . Briefly, a television camera acquired images from the microscope ( !…”

Section: Semi-quantitative Microdensitometric/morphometric Image Analmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodegeneration and Increased Production of Nitrotyrosine, Nitric Oxide Synthase, IFN-γ and S100β Protein in the Spinal Cord of IL-12p40-Deficient Mice Infected with <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>

Bombeiro

Lima

Chadi

et al. 2009

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Background/Aim: Chagas’ disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and occurs in most Latin American countries. The protozoan may colonize the central nervous system (CNS) of immune-compromised human hosts, thus causing neuronal disorders. Systemic control of the intracellular forms of the parasite greatly depends on the establishment of a TH1 response and subsequent nitric oxide (NO) release. At the CNS, it is known that low concentrations of NO promote neuronal survival and growth, while high concentrations exert toxic effects and neuron death. Accounting for NO production by astrocytes is the glia-derived factor S100β, which is overproduced in some neurodegenerative diseases. In the current work, we studied the expression of NO, interferon (IFN)-γ and S100β in the spinal cord tissue of IL-12p40KO mice infected with T. cruzi, a model of neurodegenerative process. Methods: IL-12p40KO and wild-type (WT) female mice infected with T. cruzi Sylvio X10/4 (10⁵ trypomastigotes, intraperitoneally) were euthanized when IL-12p40KO individuals presented limb paralysis. Spinal cord sections were submitted to immunohistochemical procedures for localization of neurofilament, laminin, nitrotyrosine, NO synthases (NOS), IFN-γ and S100β. The total number of neurons was estimated by stereological analysis and the area and intensity of immunoreactivities were assessed by microdensitometric/morphometric image analysis. Results: No lesion was found in the spinal cord sections of WT mice, while morphological disarrangements, many inflammatory foci, enlarged vessels, amastigote nests and dying neurons were seen at various levels of IL-12p40KO spinal cord. Compared to WT mice, IL-12p40KO mice presented a decrement on total number of neurons (46.4%, p < 0.05) and showed increased values of immunoreactive area for nitrotyrosine (239%, p < 0.01) and NOS (544%, p < 0.001). Moreover, the intensity of nitrotyrosine (16%, p < 0.01), NOS (38%, p < 0.05) and S100β (21%, p < 0.001) immunoreactivities were also augmented. No IFN-γ-labeled cells were seen in WT spinal cord tissue, contrary to IL-12p40KO tissue that displayed inflammatory infiltrating cells and also some parenchymal cells positively labeled. Conclusion: We suggest that overproduction of NO may account for neuronal death at the spinal cord of T. cruzi-infected IL-12p40KO mice and that IFN-γ and S100β may contribute to NOS activation in the absence of IL-12.

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“…Fields of measurements were sampled in the anterior and posterior horns (gray matter), bilaterally. The procedures using a Kontron-Zeiss KS400 image analyzer (Germany) have been described previously 4,21,26,28 . Briefl y, a television camera acquired images from the microscope (63x objective).…”

Section: Semiquantitative Microdensitometric Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential astroglial responses in the spinal cord of rats submitted to a sciatic nerve double crush treated with local injection of cultured Schwann cell suspension or lesioned spinal cord extract: implications on cell therapy for nerve repair

Dallo¹,

Reichert²,

Júnior³

et al. 2007

Acta Cir. Bras.

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Differential astroglial responses in the spinal cord of rats -ORIGINAL ARTICLE NeuroregenerationDifferential astroglial responses in the spinal cord of rats submitted to a sciatic nerve double crush treated with local injection of cultured Schwann cell suspension or lesioned spinal cord extract. Implications on cell therapy for nerve repair 1 Respostas astrocitárias na medula espinal do rato submetido ao esmagamento duplo do nervo ciático e tratado com injeção local de suspensão de células de Schwann cultivadas ou de extrato de medula espinal lesada. Implicações na terapia celular para o reparo do nervo ABSTRACT Purpose: Reactive astrocytes are implicated in several mechanisms after central or peripheral nervous system lesion, including neuroprotection, neuronal sprouting, neurotransmission and neuropathic pain. Schwann cells (SC), a peripheral glia, also react after nerve lesion favoring wound/repair, fi ber outgrowth and neuronal regeneration. We investigated herein whether cell therapy for repair of lesioned sciatic nerve may change the pattern of astroglial activation in the spinal cord ventral or dorsal horn of the rat. Methods: Injections of a cultured SC suspension or a lesioned spinal cord homogenized extract were made in a reservoir promoted by a contiguous double crush of the rat sciatic nerve. Local injection of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) served as control. One week later, rats were euthanized and spinal cord astrocytes were labeled by immunohistochemistry and quantifi ed by means of quantitative image analysis. Results: In the ipsilateral ventral horn, slight astroglial activations were seen after PBS or SC injections, however, a substantial activation was achieved after cord extract injection in the sciatic nerve reservoir. Moreover, SC suspension and cord extract injections were able to promote astroglial reaction in the spinal cord dorsal horn bilaterally. Conclusion: Spinal cord astrocytes react according to repair processes of axotomized nerve, which may infl uence the functional outcome. The event should be considered during the neurosurgery strategies. Key words: Sciatic nerve lesion. Astrocyte. Neuronal protection. Neuroplasticity. Neuroregeneration. Pain. Review. RESUMOObjetivo: Astrócitos reativos participam de vários mecanismos após lesões do sistema nervoso central e periférico, os quais incluem neuroproteção, brotamento neuronal, neurotransmissão e dor neuropática. As células de Schwann (CS), um tipo de glia periférica, também reagem com a lesão do nervo, podendo interferir com o reparo e cicatrização, crescimento de fi bras e regeneração neuronais. Investigamos aqui a possibilidade da terapia celular para o reparo do nervo ciático poder alterar o padrão da ativação astrocitária nos cornos anterior e posterior da medula espinal do rato. Métodos: Suspensão de CS cultivadas ou extrato homogeneizado de medula espinal lesada de rato foram inoculados num reservatório feito a partir de dois esmagamentos aplicados no nervo ciático do rato distantes 0,5mm entre si. Injeção local de salina t...

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Effects of ethanol consumption on vasopressin and neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity and mRNA expression in peripheral and central areas related to cardiovascular regulation

Cited by 18 publications

References 48 publications

Effects of bilateral adrenalectomy on systemic kainate-induced activation of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Regulation of blood pressure and local neurotransmitters

Effects of bilateral adrenalectomy on systemic kainate-induced activation of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Regulation of blood pressure and local neurotransmitters

Neurodegeneration and Increased Production of Nitrotyrosine, Nitric Oxide Synthase, IFN-γ and S100β Protein in the Spinal Cord of IL-12p40-Deficient Mice Infected with <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>

Differential astroglial responses in the spinal cord of rats submitted to a sciatic nerve double crush treated with local injection of cultured Schwann cell suspension or lesioned spinal cord extract: implications on cell therapy for nerve repair

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