Effects of ethanol and nicotine co-administration on follicular atresia and placental histo-morphology in the first-generation mice pups during intrauterine development and lactation periods

Musanejad, Elahe; Haghpanah, Tahereh; Mirzaie, Vida; Ezzatabadipour, Massood

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.033

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Contrary to the present study, the primordial follicle numbers were reduced in nicotine-treated rats or mice [ 13 , 40 , 55 , 56 ]. These differences may arise from differences in species, animal age, duration of treatment, route of administration, and type of studies (in vivo or in vitro).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…This study indicated the efficacy of PG, especially in the dose of 1 g/kg against apoptotic and oxidative damages of the ovary induced by nicotine. Fertility duration and women's health status depend on the reserves of ovarian follicles [ 40 ]. Follicle loss may be due to some mechanisms such as hormonal disturbances, ROS elevation, reduction of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, the elevation of apoptotic markers, and proliferation index reduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Musanejad et al . [ 40 ] reported a low count of follicles under the influence of nicotine. Likely follicle count reduces in the ovary of smokers [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…showed no change in the number of primordial follicles in one-day-old mice pups after nicotine treatment. However, they showed a reduction in primordial follicles count in fifty-six-day-old mice [ 40 ]. Similar to our study, secondary and antral follicles were reduced in adult mice and rats, suggesting the demise of follicles during development [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theca cells also secret some factors to regulate the function of granulosa cells, including insulin-like growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, and bone morphogenetic protein. Theca cells possess LH receptors and these cells undergo a “luteinization” phase and directly produce progesterone in the corpus luteum [ 40 , 42 , 71 ]. Disturbances in theca cells may result in ovary diseases such as ovarian cancer, premature ovarian failure, and polycystic ovary syndrome [ 72 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ginseng alleviates folliculogenesis disorders via induction of cell proliferation and downregulation of apoptotic markers in nicotine-treated mice

et al. 2022

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Background Ginseng is a powerful phytoestrogen with high antioxidant properties. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Panax Ginseng (PG) on folliculogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis in the ovary impaired by nicotine. Methods Forty adult mice were divided into five groups. Control, sham, and nicotine groups, and co-treated groups of nicotine and ginseng in doses of 0.5 and 1 g/kg. Folliculogenesis was assessed via histopathology and serum evaluation of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) by ELISA. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities both in homogenate tissue and serum were assayed by colorimetric analysis. Apoptotic markers of cytochrome c (Cyt c), Bax, and Bcl-2 were evaluated by RT-PCR. Proliferative index was studied by the Ki-67 immunostaining procedure. Results In comparison to the control or sham groups, nicotine significantly reduced the levels of FSH, LH, and estradiol hormones. An insignificant reduction was observed in the progesterone hormone. Nicotine reduced all healthy follicle numbers, except primordial (P = 0.001). Malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased in tissue and serum in the nicotine group (P = 0.01). Serum catalase (CAT) and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) both were reduced in tissue and the serum, in the nicotine group. Nicotine induced a reduction in the proliferative indexes of granulosa and theca cells in pre-antral and antral follicles (P = 0.001). However, its effect on the proliferative index of stroma cells was not significant. Apoptotic markers were elevated in the nicotine group (P = 0.001). Co-treatment with ginseng elevated all sex hormones, increased healthy follicles, and reduced tissue or serum lipid peroxidation, compared with the nicotine group (p < 0.05). Co-Treatment with ginseng also reduced the expression of apoptotic markers and increased the proliferative indexes in granulosa and theca cells in pre-antral and antral follicles and also in stroma cells, in comparison to the nicotine group (P = 0.001). All above-mentioned alterations following treatment with ginseng were remarkable, especially in the dose of 1 g/kg. Conclusion This study showed ginseng protects folliculogenesis via alteration of hypothalamic- pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, induction of proliferation in ovarian somatic cells, reduction of lipid peroxidation, and downregulation of apoptotic markers in the mouse ovary, treated with nicotine.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Musanejad et al . [ 40 ] reported a low count of follicles under the influence of nicotine. Likely follicle count reduces in the ovary of smokers [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%