Effects of Ethanol Administration and Induction of Anxiety‐Related Affective States on the Acoustic Startle Reflex in Sons of Alcohol‐Dependent Fathers

Zimmermann, U.; Spring, K.; Wittchen, Hans‐Ulrich; Holsboer, Florian

doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000117835.49673.cf

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In relation to genetic association studies in humans, the current findings in mice selectively bred for high or low alcohol preference are in contrast to results of one study that found no differences in FPS in people with a positive versus a negative family history of alcoholism (Zimmermann et al, 2004). However, the present data are generally supportive of other findings in humans where an increased prevalence of comorbid alcoholism and anxiety disorders has been reported in relatives of people with alcoholism and/or anxiety disorders (Merikangas et al, 1994.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Grillon et al (1998) reported that adolescents with a positive family history of anxiety disorders showed greater FPS relative to family history-negative individuals. Zimmermann et al (2004) found no differences in FPS in subjects who differed in genetic risk for alcoholism (positive vs negative family history). However, in selectively bred rats that differ in genetic propensity toward alcohol drinking, alcohol-preferring (P) rats showed greater FPS than the alcohol-nonpreferring (NP) line (McKinzie et al, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Fearpotentiated startle is thought to be a particularly good model for certain aspects of PTSD because humans with PTSD show exaggerated startle in the presence of stimuli associated with prior trauma (Grillon, 2002;McFall et al, 1990). A few studies have investigated whether propensity to show FPS may reflect a genetic risk factor for the development of either anxiety disorders (Grillon et al, 1998) or alcoholism (Zimmermann et al, 2004). Grillon et al (1998) reported that adolescents with a positive family history of anxiety disorders showed greater FPS relative to family history-negative individuals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Correlation Between Innate Alcohol Preference and Fear‐Potentiated Startle in Selected Mouse Lines

Barrenha

Chester

2007

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

mentioning

confidence: 66%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Correlation Between Innate Alcohol Preference and Fear‐Potentiated Startle in Selected Mouse Lines

Barrenha

Chester

2007

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…Moreover, a significant association between startle magnitude after alcohol consumption and the frequency of drinking alcohol has been shown [70]. The acoustic startle reflex also seems to be reduced in sons of alcoholics, independently of comorbid anxious disorders [179]. A recent study [94] showed that although drinking behaviour and craving decreased significantly over time, the pattern of the affective modulation of the startle reflex did not change.…”

Section: The Startle Responsementioning

confidence: 98%

Chronic alcoholism: Insights from neurophysiology

Campanella¹,

Petit²,

Maurage³

et al. 2009

Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology

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SummaryIntroduction. -Increasing knowledge of the anatomical structures and cellular processes underlying psychiatric disorders may help bridge the gap between clinical signs and basic physiological processes. Accordingly, considerable insight has been gained in recent years into a common psychiatric condition, i.e., chronic alcoholism. Material and methods. -We reviewed various physiological parameters that are altered in chronic alcoholic patients compared to healthy individuals -continuous electroencephalogram, oculomotor measures, cognitive event-related potentials and event-related oscillations -to identify links between these physiological parameters, altered cognitive processes and specific clinical symptoms. Results. -Alcoholic patients display: (1) high beta and theta power in the resting electroencephalogram, suggesting hyperarousal of their central nervous system; (2) abnormalities in smooth pursuit eye movements, in saccadic inhibition during antisaccade tasks, and in prepulse inhibition, suggesting disturbed attention modulation and abnormal patterns of prefrontal activation that may stem from the same prefrontal ''inhibitory'' cortical dysfunction; (3) decreased amplitude for cognitive event-related potentials situated along the continuum of informationprocessing, suggesting that alcoholism is associated with neurophysiological deficits at the level of the sensory cortex and not only disturbances involving associative cortices and limbic structures; and (4) decreased theta, gamma and delta oscillations, suggesting cognitive disinhibition at a functional level. Discussion. -The heterogeneity of alcoholic disorders in terms of symptomatology, course and outcome is the result of various pathophysiological processes that physiological parameters * Corresponding author. E-mail address: salvatore.campanella@chu-brugmann.be (S. Campanella).

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“…For example, adult sons of alcoholics (SOAs) display increased heart rates and greater vein constriction (classic cardiovascular stress responses) preceding an unavoidable electric shock compared to controls (Finn, Zeutouni, & Pihl, 1990), and adolescent SOAs display increased heart rates compared to non-SOAs while performing a mental arithmetic task (psychological stressor; Harden & Pihl, 1995). On the other hand, one study reported similar acoustic startle in response to threat of electric shock in SOAs compared to controls (Zimmermann, Spring, Wittchen, & Holsboer, 2004) and another study showed reduced skin conductance responses in anticipation of electric shock compared to controls (Finn, Kessler, & Hussong, 1994). These results may suggest that SOAs are more reactive to stressful stimuli under certain experimental conditions; however, more study is needed to clarify the basis of contradictory results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stress, acute alcohol treatment, or both on pre-pulse inhibition in high- and low-alcohol preferring mice

Powers

Chester

2014

Alcohol

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Pre-pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (PPI) is a measure of sensorimotor gating frequently used to assess information processing in both humans and rodents. Both alcohol and stress exposure can modulate PPI, making it possible to assess how stress and alcohol interact to influence information processing. Humans with an increased genetic risk for alcoholism are more reactive to stressful situations compared to those without a family history, and alcohol may have stress-dampening effects for those with high genetic risk. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of stress, acute alcohol exposure, or both on PPI in male and female mice selectively bred for high- (HAP2) and low- (LAP2) alcohol preference. Experiment 1 assessed the effects of various doses of acute alcohol on PPI. Experiments 2 and 3 assessed the effect of 10 days of restraint stress on subsequent PPI tested at 30 min (Experiment 2) or 24 h (Experiment 3) following the termination of stress exposure. Experiment 3 also examined the effects of acute alcohol treatment (0.75 g/kg) on PPI in mice previously exposed to stress or no stress. Results indicate that 0.75 and 1.0 g/kg doses of alcohol increased PPI in HAP2 but not LAP2 mice. When PPI was tested 30 min after stress exposure, stressed HAP2 mice showed a trend toward decreased PPI and stressed LAP2 mice showed a trend toward increased PPI. The combination of stress and alcohol treatment did not alter PPI in either line 24 h following the termination of stress exposure, suggesting that alcohol does not ameliorate the effect of stress on PPI. Stressed LAP2 mice had increased basal circulating corticosterone on the final stress exposure day compared to non-stressed LAP2 mice, and no difference was found between stressed and non-stressed HAP2 mice. The results suggest that high genetic risk for alcoholism may be related to increased sensitivity to alcohol and stress effects on PPI, and this sensitivity could signify an endophenotype for increased genetic risk to develop alcoholism.

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Effects of Ethanol Administration and Induction of Anxiety‐Related Affective States on the Acoustic Startle Reflex in Sons of Alcohol‐Dependent Fathers

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Genetic Correlation Between Innate Alcohol Preference and Fear‐Potentiated Startle in Selected Mouse Lines

Genetic Correlation Between Innate Alcohol Preference and Fear‐Potentiated Startle in Selected Mouse Lines

Chronic alcoholism: Insights from neurophysiology

Effects of stress, acute alcohol treatment, or both on pre-pulse inhibition in high- and low-alcohol preferring mice

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