Effects of Estrogens Only on the Prostates of Aging Men

Kesteren, Paul van; Meinhardt, W.; Valk, Paul van der; Geldof, Albert A.; Megens, J.A.J.; Gooren, Louis

doi:10.1097/00005392-199610000-00026

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Very recently we encountered a case of prostate carcinoma in our population in a 64-year-old M → F transsexual who had been orchidectomized about 11 years previously and who had been on oestrogen therapy for 12 years. In a systematic study of prostate biopsies of 9 M → F transsexuals (aged 51-71 years) who had been treated with oestrogens for 13-19 years, there were no signs of benign prostate hyperplasia or carcinoma (Van Kesteren et al, 1996).…”

Section: Mortality In Female-to-male Transsexualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality and morbidity in transsexual subjects treated with cross‐sex hormones

Asscheman

et al. 1997

Clinical Endocrinology

466

358

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Mortality in male-to-female and female-to-male transsexuals is not increased during cross-sex hormone treatment. Transdermal oestradiol administration is recommended in male-to-female transsexuals, particularly in the population over 40 years in whom a high incidence of venous thromboembolism was observed with oral oestrogens. It seems that in view of the deep psychological needs of transsexuals to undergo sex reassignment, our treatment schedule of cross-sex hormone administration is acceptably safe.

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Section: Mortality In Female-to-male Transsexualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality and morbidity in transsexual subjects treated with cross‐sex hormones

Asscheman

et al. 1997

Clinical Endocrinology

466

358

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“…57 Oestrogen therapy is not reported to induce hypertrophy or premalignant changes in the prostate. 58 Benign prostate hypertrophy cases have been reported in transwomen treated for 20-25 years. 59 In a recent report, 51 173 person/years of exposure were evaluated showing an overall incidence of prostate cancer of 0Á04% and 0Á13% in subjects who had initiated hormonal treatment after the age of 40.…”

Section: Oncological Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine care of transpeople part II. A review of cross‐sex hormonal treatments, outcomes and adverse effects in transwomen

Meriggiola

Gava

2015

Clinical Endocrinology

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The treatment of transwomen relies on the combined administration of anti-androgens or GnRH analogues to suppress androgen production and thereby reduce male phenotypic characteristics together with oestrogens to develop female characteristics. In transwomen, synthetic oestrogens such as ethinyl oestradiol, as well as conjugated equine oestrogens (CEE), should be avoided to minimize thromboembolic risks especially in older transwomen and in those with risk factors. Currently, available short- and long-term safety studies suggest that cross-sex hormonal therapy (CHT) can be considered safe in transwomen improving the well-being and quality of life of these individuals. Long-term monitoring should aim to decrease cardiovascular risks and should include prostate and breast cancer screenings.

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“…As expected, the prostate volume shrinks after androgen deprivation. Oestrogen-only exposure does not induce signs of hyperplasia or (pre)malignancy [15]. One case of benign prostatic hyperplasia requiring transurethral prostate resection has been described [16].…”

Section: Side Effects Of Hormonal Sex Reassignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone Treatment of the Adult Transsexual Patient

Gooren

2005

Horm Res Paediatr

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Hormonal reassignment has two aims: (1) to reduce the hormonally induced secondary sex characteristics of the original sex and (2) to induce the secondary sex characteristics of the new sex. In Europe, cyproterone acetate is generally used to inhibit androgens in male-to-female transsexuals. Medroxyprogesterone acetate is an acceptable, though less effective, alternative. To induce feminization there is a wide range of oestrogens. Oral ethinyloestradiol is a potent and inexpensive oestrogen, but it may cause venous thrombosis. Oral 17β-oestradiol valerate or transdermal 17β-oestradiol is the treatment of choice. The goal of treatment in female-to-male transsexuals is to induce virilization, including a male pattern of sexual hair, a male voice and male physical contours, and to stop menses. The principal hormonal treatment is a testosterone preparation. Hormone-dependent tumours have been encountered and surveillance is necessary.

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Effects of Estrogens Only on the Prostates of Aging Men

Abstract: Prostates were small after long-term estrogens only. The sex steroid receptor content was considerably changed. PSA and PAP in the specimens suggested that their production does not depend on testicular androgens alone.

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Mortality and morbidity in transsexual subjects treated with cross‐sex hormones

Mortality and morbidity in transsexual subjects treated with cross‐sex hormones

Endocrine care of transpeople part II. A review of cross‐sex hormonal treatments, outcomes and adverse effects in transwomen

Hormone Treatment of the Adult Transsexual Patient

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