Effects of Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency on Periodontal Tissue Adaptation to Spontaneous Tooth Migration

Abstract

Essential fatty acids (EFAs) play a significant role in bone metabolism. Herein we studied the adaptation of alveolar bone to physiologic tooth drift in young rats deprived of essential fatty acids from birth. Reductions in femur size and trabecular bone volume reflected body growth impairment. Along the alveolar wall, osteoclastic resorption and bone formation were depressed, disrupting the adaptive deformation of the tooth socket to ongoing migration. As a result, the periodontal ligament narrowed considerably, and further adaptation was achieved through root resorption. Essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD), did not affect precursor recruitment or differentiation in the periodontal ligament (PDL), but caused redistribution of nonspecific-esterase (NSE)-positive osteoclast precursors and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive pre-osteoclasts between the bone compartment (which was depleted) and the root compartment (which was enriched). EFAD had also a marked effect on the PDL vasculature; the number of vessels was reduced, whereas their size was markedly increased. As a whole, our results show that EFAD disturbs alveolar bone adaptation to drift, but that a reaction (detrimental to root integrity) prevents root collision with the bone surface, thereby preserving the PDL as a source of precursor cells for bone and cementum homeostasis. Moreover, our results confirm that although alveolar bone resorption is arachidonic acid-dependent, the factors activating root resorption are different.

Estrogen Withdrawal Transiently Increased Bone Turnover Without Affecting the Bone Balance Along the Tooth Socket in Rats

“…During the drift, the width of the PDL remains constant. However, it may be disturbed when bone turnover is modified 15,16 . The width (micrometers; 20 measurements per animal) and area (square millimeters) of the PDL were separately recorded on the resorption and apposition sides.…”

“…However, little is known of how the alveolar wall of the tooth socket reacts to an ovx. Its basal turnover is high, and it is very responsive to systemic and pharmacologic influences 13–16 …”

“…Its basal turnover is high, and it is very responsive to systemic and pharmacologic influences. [13][14][15][16] Teeth spontaneously migrate rapidly within the alveolar bone after the setting of occlusion between antagonistic teeth, and this continues at a slow pace in adulthood. 17 This drift involves the deformation of the surrounding alveolar bone: in front of the migrating tooth, alveolar bone deformation occurs by the removal of bone packets through successive cycles of resorption formation in which resorption exceeds formation (resorption side of the alveolar wall), whereas bone is deposited behind the tooth (apposition side) to compensate for the bone lost on the resorption side so that the bone balance is stable along the socket wall.…”

Radiolucency below the crown of mandibular horizontal incompletely impacted third molars and acute inflammation in men with diabetes

“…27 It remains unclear whether the mechanism of acute inflammation or bone resorption in pericoronitis differs from that in periodontitis. To date, evidence regarding the effect of diabetics on periodontal disease is shown by vascular endothelial growth factor levels in periodontal soft tissues, 28,29 arachidonic acid-dependent alveolar bone resorption, 30 excessive production of IL-1 and TNF-α, 31,32 regulation of TLR-4 by TNF-α, 33 linkage between periodontitis and elevated serum lipids and the level of bacteremia, 4,5 and a negative regulator of lipopolysaccharide/RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation. 34 Moreover, regarding the association of diabetics with adipose tissue in the regulation of innate immunity, 35,36 adipo R serves as a predominant receptor for adiponectin in the regulation of glucose and inflammation in vivo, 37 although adiponectin does not appear to be influenced by periodontal treatment.…”

Variable Selection Method in Prediction Models: Application in Periodontology

“…It has been demonstrated that the balance between polyunsaturated and saturated serum fatty acids (FA) played an important role in the bone remodelling of the skeleton [6,7]. So alveolar bone and periodontal tissues can be affected in the same way.…”