Effects of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin STb on intestines of mice, rats, rabbits, and piglets

Kennedy, D.G.; Greenberg, Richard N.; Dunn, John A.; Abernathy, Reed S.; Ryerse, Jan S.; Guerrant, Richard L.

doi:10.1128/iai.46.3.639-643.1984

Cited by 82 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The inhibition was strong enough to cause net fluid secretion. These observations are in accordance with findings of other groups (Greenberg et al 1982;Kennedy et al 1984). Definitely, the effect of heat-stable E. coli enterotoxin depended on exposure time and dosage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Loperamide on Mucosal Guanylyl Cyclase Activity in Rat Jejunum Following Escherichia coli Heat-Stable Toxin-Induced Fluid Accumulation

Farack¹,

Asher²,

Elsenhans³

et al. 2000

Pharmacol Toxicol

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Loperamide has antidiarrhoeal activities against secretagogues with different mechanisms of action. Besides its opioid-like effect on intestinal motility and secretion it might exhibit additional antisecretory properties which may not be completely elucidated yet. Direct effects of loperamide on mucosal guanylyl cyclase have never been observed. We therefore investigated the effect of loperamide on intestinal fluid transport altered by heat-stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin which acts by stimulating mucosal guanylyl cyclase. Net fluid movement was determined during a 1 hr incubation period in ligated jejunal loops of anaesthetised female Wistar rats. Transport rates of net fluid movement were calculated from the loop contents measured gravimetrically at the beginning and the end of the experiments. Addition of heat-stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin to the luminal solution resulted in a net secretion of water which was significantly reversed into net absorption by loperamide. The specific activity of the particulate guanylyl cyclase was determined in mucosal scrapings of the jejunum without and with the addition of heat-stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin and/or loperamide. Additions of loperamide of up to 10 micromol/l did not change guanylyl cyclase activity. We conclude that the effect of loperamide counteracting heat-stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin induced changes of intestinal fluid transport does not involve a direct effect on guanylyl cyclase.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Loperamide on Mucosal Guanylyl Cyclase Activity in Rat Jejunum Following Escherichia coli Heat-Stable Toxin-Induced Fluid Accumulation

Farack¹,

Asher²,

Elsenhans³

et al. 2000

Pharmacol Toxicol

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“…The fluid secretions induced by ETEC strains have been shown to be mediated by two families of enterotoxin: the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and the heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) (Burgess et al, 1978;Greenberg & Guerrant, 1980). Two types of ST (STa and STb), which differ functionally and structurally, have been described (Kennedy et al, 1984;Lockwood & Robertson, 1984). DNA hybridization tests have indicated that STa can be divided into STaI and STaII.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the cattle serum antibody responses against TEM β-lactamase and the nonimmunogenicEscherichia coliheat-stable enterotoxin (STal)

Zervosen

Saegerman

Antoniotti

et al. 2008

FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol

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In order to test the use of a subunit recombinant vaccine for its capacity to induce antibodies against the nonimmunogenic heat-stable enterotoxin STa from Escherichia coli and the TEM-1 beta-lactamase, cattle were immunized with a hybrid protein created by insertion of the STa sequence at position 197 of the TEM-1 beta-lactamase. Specific anti-STa IgG and IgG1 antibodies were detected at low levels, while no IgG2 antibodies were detected. In contrast, high levels of the different anti-TEM IgG subtypes were detected in cattle sera. In addition, beta-lactamase activity was inhibited by the sera. The presence of antibodies against STa and TEM-1 beta-lactamase was assessed in sera from 366 cattle taken from the field. No significant level of IgGs against the toxin or the TEM-1 was detected. A comparison of the antibody level between the immunized and the nonimmunized animals clearly demonstrated that STa was not able to induce a significant level of antibodies in the vaccinated animals. In contrast, a strong antibody response against TEM-1 beta-lactamase was demonstrated.

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“…On the other hand, STII has been reported to be active only in a piglet intestinal loop assay (2,14). The purification of STII was not achieved until quite recently because of the lack of a convenient toxin assay.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Some properties of purified Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin II

et al. 1992

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We examined the biological properties of purified Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin H (STH) using mouse intestinal loop assays and compared these properties with those of heat-stable enterotoxin I (STI) and cholera toxin (CT). The action of STU over time differed from those of STI and CT. STH did not alter cyclic GMP or cyclic AMP levels in intestinal mucosal cells. Our results supported the idea that the mechanism of action of STII in inducing fluid secretion is different from the mechanisms of action of STI and CT. This hypothesis was further supported by the fact that an anti-STII neutralizing serum did not neutralize the activities of STI and CT. Subsequently, we examined the involvement of prostaglandins in the action of STlI. The level of prostaglandin E2 in the fluid accumulated as a result of the action of STU increased, and the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors aspirin and indomethacin significantly reduced the response to STH. These results implicate prostaglandin E2 in the mechanism of action of STH.

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Effects of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin STb on intestines of mice, rats, rabbits, and piglets

Cited by 82 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of Loperamide on Mucosal Guanylyl Cyclase Activity in Rat Jejunum Following Escherichia coli Heat-Stable Toxin-Induced Fluid Accumulation

Effect of Loperamide on Mucosal Guanylyl Cyclase Activity in Rat Jejunum Following Escherichia coli Heat-Stable Toxin-Induced Fluid Accumulation

Characterization of the cattle serum antibody responses against TEM β-lactamase and the nonimmunogenicEscherichia coliheat-stable enterotoxin (STal)

Some properties of purified Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin II

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