Effects of eprinomectin on the survival, reproduction and feeding activity of the dung beetles,Onthophagus lenziiHarold, and rare species,Copris ochusMotschulsky (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Abstract

Effects of the antiparasitic drug eprinomectin were studied on the dung beetles, Onthophagus lenzii Harold and the rare species, Copris ochus Motschulsky by pour-on administrations (500 µg kg-1) in Japan. Eprinomectin was detected in cattle dung from 1 to 7 or 14 days after treatment, with a peak at 1 day after treatment in two experiments. In O. lenzii, adult survivals and numbers of brood balls constructed were significantly reduced in dung from eprinomectin-treated cattle at 1 and 3 days post-treatment in experiment 1, and adult emergence rates were extremely reduced in dung at 1, 3, and 7 days post-treatment. In C. ochus, adult survivals were significantly reduced in dung at 3 days post-treatment (experiment 1), and equivalent levels to the control were restored in dung at 7 and 14 days post-treatment (experiment 2). Numbers of brood balls of C. ochus were nil in dung at 3 days (experiment 1), and significantly reduced in dung at 7 days (experiment 2) post-treatment compared with control. Adult emergence rates of C. ochus were 100 and 71.6% in dung from control cattle in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. However, no oviposition was observed in dung at 3 days post-treatment, and all offspring died at egg or the first instar larval stage in dung from 7 and 14 days post-treatment. Feeding activities of O. lenzii and C. ochus were significantly inhibited in dung from treated cattle at 1-3 days and 3 days post-treatment, respectively, returning to levels of the control at 7 days post-treatment.

Effects of Avermectins on the Environment Based on Its Toxicity to Plants and Soil Invertebrates—a Review

“…In tropical and sub-tropical regions, authors have observed larval mortality (Pérez-Cogollo et al, 2017 ; Sommer & Nielsen, 1992 ), adult mortality (Dadour et al, 2000 ; Wardhaugh, Holter, et al, 2001 ; Wardhaugh, Longstaff, et al, 2001 ), and attraction response (Holter et al, 1993a , 1993b ; Rodríguez-Vivas et al, 2019 ). In temperate regions, similar effects have been observed (Fincher, 1992 ; Errouissi et al, 2001 ; O’Hea et al, 2010 ; Iwasa & Sugitani, 2014 ; Ishikawa & Iwasa, 2019a , 2019b ; Weaving et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Experiment: No significant differences in the numbers of brood, but survival rates of larvae were significantly reduced on days 1 and 3 post-treatment. Field experiment: the numbers of brood balls were significantly larger in number in dung from treated cattle; survival rates of larvae in these brood balls were significantly reduced 1 day post-treatment in dung pats from treated cattle Onthophagus landolti Ivermectin 0.2 mg kg −1 / cattle Adult survival was not affected; suppressed fecundity of beetles at 3, 6 and 14 days post-treatment (dPT) and reduced fecundity at 28 dPT; larval survival was significantly reduced only at 3 dPT Pérez-Cogollo et al, 2017 0.63 mg kg −1 / cattle Adult survival was not affected; suppressed fecundity of beetles at 3, 6, 14 and 28 dPT, and reduced fecundity at 35 dPT; significantly reduced larval survival at 6, 14 and 28 dPT Onthophagus lenzii Eprinomectin 0.5 mg kg −I /cattle Adult survivals, numbers of brood balls constructed and adult emergence rates were significantly reduced Ishikawa & Iwasa, 2019a Copris ochus Adult survivals were significantly reduced; numbers of brood balls were significantly reduced in dung at 7 days; adult emergence rates were not affected Copris acutidens Ivermectin 0.5 mg kg −I /cattle Adult survivals, numbers of brood balls and adult emergence rates were significantly reduced Ishikawa & Iwasa, 2019b Onthophagus bivertex No effects on adult survival or feeding activities; numbers of brood balls and adult emergence rates were significantly reduced Onthophagus lenzii No effects on adult survival or feeding activities; adult emergence rates were significantly reduced Phelotrupes auratus No effects observed Onthophagus landolti Ivermectin 0.2 mg kg −1 / cattle Feces of IVM-treated cattle attracted more individuals than IVM-free feces Rodríguez-Vivas et al, 2019 ...…”

“…As can be seen in Table 2 , a great number of studies conducted over the past 30 years on the adverse effects of AVMs can be found in the scientific literature. These studies were performed mainly using IVM, but some studies using ABM (Dadour et al, 2000 ; Wardhaugh & Mahon, 1991 ; Webb et al, 2010 ) and EPM (Ishikawa & Iwasa, 2019a ; Iwasa & Sugitani, 2014 ; Wardhaugh, Holter, et al, 2001 ) can be found as well. Analyzing the effects demonstrated by AVMs on dung beetles it is possible to affirm that several biological parameters, such as survival, reproduction, and larvae development, can be affected.…”