Effects of episodic rainfall on a subterranean estuary

Yu, Xiayang; Xin, Pei; Lu, Chunhui; Robinson, C. E.; Li, Ling; Barry, David Andrew

doi:10.1002/2017wr020809

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In July 2015, intense rain prior to sampling increased the upland water table measured near the top of the beach from 37 to 50 cm over 3 days. This increased freshwater gradient constricted and pushed the saline circulation cell seaward, consistent with simulations of Yu et al (). Salinity sampling for a subset of sampling points 8 days (16 July 2015) after the July 2015 sampling event (08 July 2015) displayed higher salinities in Samplers C and D and lower salinities in Sampler F, indicating a landward progression of the intertidal circulation cell as the inland freshwater head decreased (unpublished data).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Seasonal sea level and groundwater table fluctuations, climate-driven sea level anomalies, wave conditions, storms, and precipitation patterns create variability in SGD flux (Gonneea et al, 2013a;Heiss & Michael, 2014;Michael et al, 2005;Moore & Wilson, 2005;Wilson et al, 2011;Xin et al, 2014;Yu et al, 2017), and consequently, the fluxes of nutrients, trace elements, and radioactive tracers to the adjacent ocean (Beck et al, 2007;Gonneea et al (2013b); Jeong et al, 2012;Kelly & Moran, 2002;Roy et al, 2013;Seidel et al, 2015;Santos et al, 2009;Waska & Kim, 2011). The circulation cell is spatiotemporally dynamic, responding primarily to seasonal freshwater gradient fluctuations, and also to spring-neap cycles, and tidal stage to a lesser extent (Heiss & Michael, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrologic Shifts Create Complex Transient Distributions of Particulate Organic Carbon and Biogeochemical Responses in Beach Aquifers

et al. 2019

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Biogeochemical reactions within intertidal zones of coastal aquifers have been shown to alter the concentrations of terrestrial solutes prior to their discharge to surface waters. In organic‐poor sandy aquifers, the input of marine organic matter from infiltrating seawater supports active biogeochemical reactions within the sediments. However, while the seasonality of surface water organic carbon concentrations (primary production) and groundwater mixing have been documented, there is limited understanding of the transience of various organic carbon pools (pore water particulate, dissolved, sedimentary) within the aquifer and how these relate to the location and magnitudes of biogeochemical reactions over time. To understand the relationship between changes in groundwater flow and the seasonal migration of geochemical patterns, beach pore water and sediment samples were collected and analyzed from six field sampling events spanning 2 years. While the seasonally dynamic patterns of aerobic respiration closely followed those of salinity, redox conditions and nutrient characteristics (distributions of N and P, denitrification rates) were unrelated to contemporaneous salinity patterns. This divergence was attributed to the spatial variations of reactive particulate organic carbon distributions, unrelated to salinity patterns, likely due to filtration, retardation, and immobilization dynamics during transport within the sediments. Results support a “carbon memory” effect within the beach, with the evolution and migration of reaction patterns relating to the distribution of these scattered carbon pools as more mobile solutes move over less mobile pools during changes in hydrologic conditions. This holds important implications for the prediction and quantification of biogeochemical reactions within beach systems.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrologic Shifts Create Complex Transient Distributions of Particulate Organic Carbon and Biogeochemical Responses in Beach Aquifers

et al. 2019

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“…Both SGD and the salt distribution attributed to a particular force must be determined with consideration of the influence of other forces both at the present and in the past. The response of SGD and saltwaterfreshwater mixing zone to the different forces is not instantaneous but delayed [Michael et al, 2005;Lu and Werner, 2013;Robinson et al, 2014;Xin et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2016;Yu et al, 2017]. This complicates the assessment of interactions between multiple forces.…”

Section: Interacting Effects Among Forcingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interactions among the different forces are generally nonlinear [King, 2012;Geng and Boufadel, 2015b;Xin et al, 2015;Yu et al, 2017], in which case SGD is not a sum of independent terms.…”

Section: Interacting Effects Among Forcingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Groundwater dynamics in subterranean estuaries of coastal unconfined aquifers: Controls on submarine groundwater discharge and chemical inputs to the ocean

Robinson¹,

Xin²,

Santos³

et al. 2018

Advances in Water Resources

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215

148

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Sustainable coastal resource management requires sound understanding of interactions between coastal unconfined aquifers and the ocean as these interactions influence the flux of chemicals to the coastal ocean and the availability of fresh groundwater resources. The importance of submarine groundwater discharge in delivering chemical fluxes to the coastal ocean and the critical role of the subterranean estuary (STE) in regulating these fluxes is well recognized. STEs are complex and dynamic systems exposed to various physical, hydrological, geological, and chemical conditions that act on disparate spatial and temporal scales. This paper provides a review of the effect of factors that influence flow and salt transport in STEs, evaluates current understanding on the interactions between these influences, and synthesizes understanding of drivers of nutrient, carbon, greenhouse gas, metal and organic contaminant fluxes to the ocean.Based on this review, key research needs are identified. While the effects of density and tides are well understood, episodic and longer-period forces as well as the interactions between multiple influences remain poorly understood. Many studies continue to focus on idealized nearshore aquifer systems and future work needs to consider real world complexities such as geological heterogeneities, and non-uniform and evolving alongshore and cross-shore morphology. There is also a significant need for multidisciplinary research to unravel the interactions between physical and biogeochemical processes in the STE, as most existing studies treat these processes in isolation. Better understanding of this complex and dynamic system can improve sustainable management of coastal water resources under the influence of anthropogenic pressures and climate change.

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Predictability and Quantification of Complex Groundwater Table Dynamics Driven by Irregular Surface Water Fluctuations

Xin

Wang

Shen

et al. 2018

Water Resources Research

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Shallow groundwater interacts strongly with surface water across a quarter of global land area, affecting significantly the terrestrial eco‐hydrology and biogeochemistry. We examined groundwater behavior subjected to unimodal impulse and irregular surface water fluctuations, combining physical experiments, numerical simulations, and functional data analysis. Both the experiments and numerical simulations demonstrated a damped and delayed response of groundwater table to surface water fluctuations. To quantify this hysteretic shallow groundwater behavior, we developed a regression model with the Gamma distribution functions adopted to account for the dependence of groundwater behavior on antecedent surface water conditions. The regression model fits and predicts well the groundwater table oscillations resulting from propagation of irregular surface water fluctuations in both laboratory and large‐scale aquifers. The coefficients of the Gamma distribution function vary spatially, reflecting the hysteresis effect associated with increased amplitude damping and delay as the fluctuation propagates. The regression model, in a relatively simple functional form, has demonstrated its capacity of reproducing high‐order nonlinear effects that underpin the surface water and groundwater interactions. The finding has important implications for understanding and predicting shallow groundwater behavior and associated biogeochemical processes, and will contribute broadly to studies of groundwater‐dependent ecology and biogeochemistry.

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Effects of episodic rainfall on a subterranean estuary

Cited by 42 publications

References 66 publications

Hydrologic Shifts Create Complex Transient Distributions of Particulate Organic Carbon and Biogeochemical Responses in Beach Aquifers

Hydrologic Shifts Create Complex Transient Distributions of Particulate Organic Carbon and Biogeochemical Responses in Beach Aquifers

Groundwater dynamics in subterranean estuaries of coastal unconfined aquifers: Controls on submarine groundwater discharge and chemical inputs to the ocean

Predictability and Quantification of Complex Groundwater Table Dynamics Driven by Irregular Surface Water Fluctuations

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