Effects of enzymes on the refining of different pulps

Haske-Cornelius, Oskar; Hartmann, Alexandra; Brunner, Florian; Pellis, Alessandro; Bauer, Wolfgang; Nyanhongo, Gibson S.; Guebitz, Georg M.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.06.006

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…For example, one study showed an increase of cellulase accessibility on sugarcane bagasse after lignin removal (Siqueira et al 2017). Haske-Cornelius already showed varying content of hemicelluloses between different pulps using NMR, although a different short fibre pulp was used in our study (Haske-Cornelius et al 2020). Like in the filter paper activity assay, the activity assay on pulps is also depended on enzymes like b-glucosidases that further degrade oligosaccharides released from endoglucanases to glucose.…”

Section: Activity On Pulpmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Biorefining: the role of endoglucanases in refining of cellulose fibers

et al. 2021

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With an annual production of more than 400 million tons, paper is the main product of the largest biorefinery process industrially implemented. Enzymes have been used for pulp refining to dramatically reduce energy consumption. However, exact mechanisms related to the individual enzymes are hardly understood. Yet, this knowledge would be important to predict enzyme performance in industrial processes. Three commercial refining enzyme formulations showed different endoglucanase (1.25 nkat mg−1–13.7 nkat mg−1), β-glucosidase (0.57 nkat mg−1–1.34 nkat mg−1) and xylanase activities (1.78 nkat ml−1–62.1 nkat mg−1) on model substrates. Additionally, distinct amounts of reducing sugars from hardwood sulfate pulp were released. Endoglucases were purified from each formulation by using hydrophobic interaction and anion exchange chromatography and showed molecular weights from 20 to 55 kDa and specific activities ranging between 3.11 and 26.3 nkat mg−1 according to endoglucanase specific derivatized cellopentaose (CellG5). Refining trials of hardwood sulfate pulp were conducted using a PFI laboratory mill and fiber properties such as degree of refining or fiber length and properties of formed sheets like tensile index were monitored. Thereby, enzymes were dosed based on identical endoglucanase activity on CellG5. Enzyme formulations and purified endoglucanases led to an increase of the degree of refining of up to 47.9 [°SR] at 6000 PFI revolutions while the tensile index was improved by up to 76.0 Nm g−1. In summary, refining effects can be primarily attributed to endoglucanases indicating activity on CellG5 being a suitable parameter for enzyme dosing.

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Section: Activity On Pulpmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Enzymes are emerging as ideal tools for cellulose fiber refining leading to a reduction of energy consumption of up to 40% (Fleiter et al 2012;Torres et al, 2012). However, many studies have shown that different commercial formulations perform differently and effects are difficult to predict (Haske-Cornelius et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biorefining: the role of endoglucanases in refining of cellulose fibers

et al. 2021

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“…Background correction was applied using the background subtraction functionality of ImageJ by applying a rolling ball radius of 50 pixels to all pictures. Three different endoglucanases that were purified from enzyme formulations of the pulp and paper industry as well as the commercial endoglucanase FiberCare R that is also suitable for pulp refining were compared on either a long fiber softwood or a short fiber hardwood pulp in duplicates as enzyme performance may vary between different pulps (Haske-Cornelius et al 2020). In addition, the complex enzyme formulations from which the endoglucanases were purified from were analysed at refining conditions on the hardwood pulp.…”

Section: Incubation Of Pulps With Purified Endoglucanasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, refining of paper pulps is achieved using either conical, disc or cylindrical refiners to externally and/or internally fibrillate cellulose fibers or in some cases to shorten the fibers. The principal drawback of currently applied refining technologies is the high unit energy consumption, usually ranging from 150 to 500 kWh/ ton paper and accounting for 30-50% of the total energy used for paper making and generation of high amounts of fines (Loosvelt 2009;Lecourt et al 2010;Buzala et al 2016) Therefore, the use of enzymes during pulp refining emerged as a new measure to reduce energy consumption, resulting in energy savings up to 40% (Fleiter et al 2012;Torres et al 2012;Tripathi 2019;Haske-Cornelius et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, studies showed that not every enzyme formulation used in the pulp and paper industry is leading to a significant increase in the degree of refining or has beneficial effects on paper sheets properties. For example, a study showed an energy reduction of 20% during refining of bleached softwood pulp after testing of two different endoglucanases, while the third endoglucanase did not show any effect on the refining properties (Lecourt et al 2010).Therefore, there is a need to better understand the role of endoglucanases in the refining process and to investigate which synergistically acting enzymes are required (Haske-Cornelius et al 2020). However, as enzyme formulations work heterogeneously among pulps, paper companies must assess the suitability of each formulation in labour and cost intensive refining trials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanistic investigation of the effect of endoglucanases related to pulp refining

et al. 2022

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Endoglucanases are increasingly being touted as the ultimate solution for reducing energy consumption during the refining process in the pulp and paper industry. However, due to the high variety of endoglucanases in different enzyme formulations, these perform heterogeneously when applied to different pulps. In this study, the effect of four endoglucanases on softwood and hardwood pulp was studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) after addition of fluorescently labelled carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography quantification of released oligo- and monosaccharides was performed for in-depth mechanistical investigation. Changes in the crystallinity levels caused by enzymatic degradation of amorphous regions were monitored by incubation with two different CBMs from Caldicellulosiruptor bescii and from Thermobifida fusca with high preference to either amorphous or crystalline regions of cellulose, respectively. When dosed at identical activity on the endoglucanase specific CellG5 substrate, CLSM analysis indicated the highest decrease of amorphous regions for those endoglucanases which were also most active in laboratory refining trials and which released highest amounts of cellooligomers from pulp. Using 13C-NMR analysis, an increase in para-crystalline cellulose caused by enzyme application was observed. Release of reducing sugars was determined at identical CellG5 dosage, indicating a high variance between the enzymes, especially when complex enzyme formulations were used. Scanning electron microscopy images were obtained for visualization of the endoglucanase activity. The results of mechanistical studies indicate that reduction of amorphous moieties of pulp by endoglucanases is especially beneficial for the refining process.

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Flax biorefining for paper production

Cabañas-Romero,

Cusola,

Buruaga-Ramiro

et al. 2024

Cellulose

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In this work, we assessed the potential of Cel6D, a recently reported exocellulase from Paenibacillus barcinonensis, as a biorefining agent for flax pulp. Pulp fibers were treated with this enzyme, Cel9B (an endocellulase previously shown to possess biorefining action) and the two in combination. Samples of biorefined flax pulp were mechanically refined to obtain handsheets. All three biorefining treatments decreased air permeance in the handsheets. Cel9B increased tensile index and folding endurance, and the Cel6D − Cel9B combination increased tensile index and burst index but also resulted in markedly decreased tear index and folding endurance. On the other hand, Cel6D increased tensile index and burst index; also, more importantly, it increased tear resistance, albeit slightly, relative to the other two treatments. The results of this work can be useful to understand the differential effects of exocellulases and endocellulases as biorefining tools and open up new avenues for exploring their use in other biotechnological applications.

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Effects of enzymes on the refining of different pulps

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Biorefining: the role of endoglucanases in refining of cellulose fibers

Biorefining: the role of endoglucanases in refining of cellulose fibers

Mechanistic investigation of the effect of endoglucanases related to pulp refining

Flax biorefining for paper production

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