Effects of environmental and social factors on incubation behavior, endocrinological parameters, and production traits in turkey hens (Meleagris gallopavo)

Abstract

Hens raised in three different environments were assessed for changes in egg production performance, the rate of incubation behavior expression, and plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin for 20 wk following the laying of the first egg. The environments were individual (IFP) or collective floor pens (CFP) and individual battery cages (Cp and Cnp). The hens from three experimental groups (IFP, CFP, and Cp) were transferred from a short (6 h) to a long (14 h) photoperiod, whereas the ones from the remnant (Cnp) were left under a short one. Increase of the photoperiod induced significant increases (P < 0.05) in levels of prolactin and LH after 1 d, and resulted in the onset of egg laying in a delay of 14 d in all groups. However, the overall egg laying performance was highest for the IFP hens. The CFP and IFP hens laid 98 and 24% of their eggs inside the nest boxes, respectively. The hens raised in battery cages did not express incubation behavior, whereas 50 and 33%, respectively, of the CFP and IFP hens did. During the 1st wk of egg laying, levels of prolactin increased for all photostimulated hens but to a greater extent for CFP hens. Higher increases in levels of prolactin were associated with the expression of incubation behavior; however, prolactin levels of nonincubating laying hens were also higher under the CFP treatment. It appears that the rate of expression of incubation behavior, as well as changes in the plasma levels of prolactin and LH throughout an egg production period, are dependent upon rearing conditions in turkey hens.

Welfare of ducks, geese and quail on farm

“…Moreover, regular egg collection should prevent nest building activity as such, as it is well known that removal of eggs will prevent incubation behaviour expression in birds (Bédécarrats et al., 1997 ; (Guémené et al., 2001 ). On the other hand, commercial initiatives have shown that quail raised in aviaries do, to a certain extent, lay in nesting facilities if appropriate nests are available (Aida Xercavins, IRTA, personal communication, 2023).…”

Hormones and Regulation of Parental Behavior in Birds

“…Incubation is influenced by a combination of hormonal and other physiological signals, environmental inputs from the eggs or nest (Hall, 1987a;Evans, 1990), and social cues such as presence or absence of a mate Bédécarrats, Guémené, & Richard-Yris, 1997). Previous breeding experience seems to increase an individual's levels of, or responsiveness to, hormonal and environmental signals for incubation and/or chick rearing (Wang & Buntin, 1999;Angelier, Weimerskirch, Dano, & Chastel, 2007;Christensen & Vleck, 2008).…”

Relationship between Intersequence Pauses, Laying Persistency and Concentration of Prolactin during the Productive Period in White Leghorn Hens

“…Our observations were in contrast to Robinson et al (1993) where early age at first oviposition was found to impair egg production. It is likely that there is a greater allocation of energy for the ovary at a young age, which may impair ovarian control as observed in broiler breeds (Bedecarrates, et al, 1997). In addition, the limited body reserves would have been depleted by the time of peak egg production (Robinson et al, 1990).…”