Effects of entrainment of zooplankton at three Mid-Atlantic power plants

Davies, R.M.; Jensen, Loren D.

doi:10.2172/4267222

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, cyclopoid copepods were relatively resistant to damage inflicted as a result of plant passage. Similar differential sensitivity among zooplankton taxa to plant passage has been observed in other studies (Davies and Jensen, 1974;" Wetzel, 1975;Schubel et al, 1978). Comparative laboratory studies have Table 4.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Power plants are highly variable in their mode of operation (AT, discharge water temperature, pumping rate, flow-through rate, use of biocides, etc.). Comparative studies conducted by the same researchers using the same methods have shown that plant operating characteristics have a significant effect on zooplankton mortalities; rates generally are highest for plants with the greatest AT and where discharge water temperatures reach the mid-30's°C (Davies and Jensen, 1974;Icanberry and Adams, 1974). At the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant, where the AT (<12°C) is moderate and discharge water temperatures generally do not exceed 35°C, zooplankton mortalities as a result of plant passage are low (<3%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of power plant passage on zooplankton mortalities: Eight years of study at the Donald C. Cook nuclear plant

1986

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Zooplankton mortalities resulting from passage through the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant (southeastern Lake Michigan) were studied over an 8-year (1975-1982) period. The power plant operated at a low AT (< 12°C) and discharge water temperatures did not exceed 35°C (except September 1978). While zooplankton mortalities were significantly greater in discharge than intake waters, differences were small, averaging < 3%. There was no evidence of additional delayed effects on zooplankton mortality following plant passage. Calanoid copepods (Diaptomus spp, Eurytemora affinis and Limnocalanus macrurus) were most sensitive to plant passage, cyclopoid copepods least sensitive, while cladocerans (Daphnia spp, Eubosmina coregoni) were intermediate in sensitivity. There was no relationship between zooplankton mortalities and temperature (AT, discharge water temperature), suggesting that thermal stresses were not the major source of mortality. The single exception was September 1978 when discharge water temperatures exceeded 35°C and there were large differences between intake and discharge water zooplankton mortalities (net mortality differences of 14-22% for the two units). Mechanical stresses appeared to be the major cause of zooplankton mortality. However, there was only a weak relationship between mortality as a result of plant passage and zooplankton size. Based on our long-term preoperational (1970-1974) and operational (1975-1982) ecological studies in the vicinity of the power plant, we hypothesize that fish predation, rather than power plant operation, probably was the major source of zooplankton mortality in inshore waters during much of the year.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of power plant passage on zooplankton mortalities: Eight years of study at the Donald C. Cook nuclear plant

1986

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“…d-I). Our data are clearly not adequate to evaluate chlorine effects on entrained zooplankton, but according to other studies (DAVIES & JENSEN, 1975;DAVIS & COUCHLAN, 1978) it seems reasonable to assume that instantaneous mortalities during transit are low at a concentration of 0.5 pprn residual chlorine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Short‐Term Thermal Effects of a Power‐Generating Plant on Zooplankton in the Swartkops Estuary, South Africa

Perissinotto¹,

Wooldridge²

1989

Marine Ecology

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Abstract. The short‐term effect of elevated water temperatures (Δ t = 5–10°C after passing through the cooling circuit of an electricity generating plant) on plankton in a warm temperate estuary. South Africa, was investigated. Phytoplankton entrained on the flood tide was more severely affected than that entrained on the ebb, but chlorination of cooling water was probably a major factor affecting phytoplankton assemblages. Abundance of zooplankton of marine origin was significantly reduced after passing through the cooling circuit. The effect of thermal stress on the curyhalinc zooplankton was not clear, as the origin of the water canal to the generators is located at the extreme seaward limit of spatial distribution of cstuarinc plankton at low tide. Estuarinc species of zooplankton were therefore infrequently sampled and in low numbers only. Other factors which increase mortality are discussed.

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“…In a similar study Davies & Jensen (1975} suggested that entrainment-induced mortality of zooplankton was due to the response of individual species to ambient temperatures and AT rise characteristics at specific power plants, in addition to mechanical and chlorine stresses. When ambient temperatures were high and discharge temperatures did not exceed the thermal tolerance of entrained species, little zooplankton mortality was observed; however, prolonged exposure of both cold and warm acclimated zooplankton to a high AT resulted in reduced survival The responses of entrained zooplankton to chlorination were varied at different power plants, but might have been related to synergistic effects of temperature, exposure time, salinity and water quality of receiving waters.…”

Section: Field Studiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Impact of power-plant discharges on marine zooplankton: A review of thermal, mechanical and biocidal effects

Capuzzo

1980

Helgolander Meeresunters

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The relative importance of thermal, mechanical and biocidal stresses to marine zooplankton entrained in cooling waters from coastal power-plant operations is dependent on specific features of power-plant design and siting. Toxic effects of power-plant operations will vary with (1) the degree of mechanical stress induced by pumping velocities of cooling water; (2) the physical and chemical interaction of receiving and discharge waters; (3) the dosage of chlorine or other biocide added to cooling waters for fouling control; (4) the exposure time to stress conditions experienced during passage through condenser conduits and discharge canals~ and (5) the nature of receiving waters, affecting the production and availability of the various halogen toxicants formed upon chlorination of seawater. Because of these variables, the problem of entrainment-induced mortality of zooplankton and the resulting effects on secondary production in receiving waters is difficult to assess. A review of laboratory and field studies addressing these problems is presented and particular emphasis given to the synergistic effect of multiple stresses. 9 Biologische Anstalt Helgoland

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Effects of entrainment of zooplankton at three Mid-Atlantic power plants

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

The effects of power plant passage on zooplankton mortalities: Eight years of study at the Donald C. Cook nuclear plant

The effects of power plant passage on zooplankton mortalities: Eight years of study at the Donald C. Cook nuclear plant

Short‐Term Thermal Effects of a Power‐Generating Plant on Zooplankton in the Swartkops Estuary, South Africa

Impact of power-plant discharges on marine zooplankton: A review of thermal, mechanical and biocidal effects

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