Effects of Endurance Training on Selected Parameters of Immune Function in Elderly Women

Fahlman, Mariane M.; Boardley, Debra; Flynn, Michael G.; Braun, William A.; Lambert, Charles Paul; Bouillon, Lucinda E.

doi:10.1159/000022142

Cited by 49 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…This problem has been reviewed recently in detail [22] . Several available studies suggest that the immune system function is enhanced in regularly exercising versus sedentary elderly subjects and that an increase in natural killer cell activity and superior T cell function after regular exercise seem to be of utmost importance [2,23,24] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelationship between Physical Activity, Symptomatology of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, and Depression in Elderly People

Kostka¹,

Praczko²

2007

Gerontology

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Background: It has been suggested that regular moderate physical activity (PA) promotes resistance to upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). In an older population, this relationship should be examined in a wider concept of multiple factors potentially able to influence infection rate and reported symptomatology. Especially, the impact of depression should be taken into consideration. Objective: To examine the association of URTI with PA and depressive symptoms in the elderly, and whether this relationship persists after controlling for confounders attributable to comorbidities, functional status, and cognitive function. Methods: One hundred and forty-five subjects (80 women and 65 men) between 66 and 79 years of age were randomly chosen from all inhabitants of one district of the city of Lodz (Poland). They participated in baseline and 1-year follow-up examinations and completed the infection questionnaire during the whole year. Log books for daily recording of the URTI symptomatology were used in the prospective design. The PA was assessed by the Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire. Geriatric Depression Scale and other elements of the comprehensive geriatric assessment were also used. Results: In bivariate relationships, the number of episodes per year and the number of days with URTI per year were significantly negatively associated with several baseline and follow-up PA indices and directly related to baseline and follow-up depression scores. In multivariate relationships, after controlling for other elements of the comprehensive geriatric assessment, both PA and depression contributed to URTI symptomatology, while URTI symptoms predicted final PA scores, and changes in PA added to the follow-up depression score. Conclusions: These results indicate that in elderly subjects the symptomatology of URTI is interrelated with their habitual PA and depressive symptomatology. Less active and more depressed subjects develop more URTI symptoms during 1-year follow-up. This URTI symptomatology, together with the baseline PA and the depressive status, contributes to the follow-up PA and depression scores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelationship between Physical Activity, Symptomatology of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, and Depression in Elderly People

Kostka¹,

Praczko²

2007

Gerontology

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“…On the other hand, early studies by Schouten et al (1988) and Karper and Goldfarb (1995) found no conclusive evidence that moderate exercise positively affects humoral immunity, and Nehlsen-Cannarella et al (1990) reported that subjects in their exercise group did not express any significant differences in concentrations of IgA or other serum immunoglobulins. Recently, Fahlman et al (2000) examined the effects of a similar 10 week endurance training programme, similar to that used in the present study, to examine immune function in elderly women. The NK-cell cytotoxicity at rest remained unchanged in the exercise group, while it was significantly decreased in the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of moderate exercise on salivary immunoglobulin A and infection risk in humans

Klentrou

Cieslak

MacNeil

et al. 2002

European Journal of Applied Physiology

140

111

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The incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and salivary immunoglobulin A concentrations [IgA(s)] of nine individuals were examined during 12 weeks of moderate exercise training, and compared to ten sedentary controls. Changes in maximal oxygen uptake were assessed at initial, mid-point and final evaluations (T1-3), while changes in [IgA(s)] and salivary immunoglobulin concentration-salivary albumin concentration ratio ([IgA(s)]:[Alb(s)]) were monitored at T1 and T3. During the 12 week period, symptoms of URTI were self-recorded daily. During the period of training the level of fitness significantly increased ( P<0.05) in the exercise group. The number of days recording symptoms of influenza, but not of cold, and total light URTI symptoms was significantly reduced in the exercise group during the last weeks of training. A significant increase in [IgA(s)] and in [IgA(s)]:[Alb(s)] was found in the exercise group after training. Both [IgA(s)] and [IgA(s)]:[Alb(s)] were significantly related to the number of days showing symptoms of influenza ( P<0.01) and the total number of days of sickness ( P<0.05). These data provide quantitative support for the belief that regular, moderate exercise results in an increased [IgA(s)] at rest and [IgA(s)]:[Alb(s)], which may contribute to a decreased risk of infection.

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“…Exercise interventions of 8 months in frail elderly have also failed to alter the CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio. Similarly, Fahlman et al [11] and Flynn et al [12] reported no change in response to 10 weeks of aerobic or strength exercise training respectively, while McFarlin et al [13] also reported no change in resting CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell numbers in elderly women (aged 65-85 years) in response to 10 weeks' resistance training. Exercise intervention studies of longer duration have also reported no effect.…”

Section: Exercise and The Cd4:cd8 T-cell Ratiomentioning

confidence: 96%

Coupling Aging Immunity with a Sedentary Lifestyle: Has the Damage Already Been Done? – A Mini-Review

Simpson¹,

Guy²

2009

Gerontology

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The elderly population is at an unprecedented risk of infectious diseases and malignancy due to apparently inevitable age-related declines in immunity. The ‘immune risk profile’ (IRP) is an array of biomarkers that has been used to predict morbidity and mortality in older adults. As it is generally accepted that middle-aged and elderly individuals who habitually participate in moderate-intensity exercise are less likely to incur an infection than their sedentary counterparts, this review addresses current knowledge on the effects of regular exercise on aspects of adaptive immunity as they relate to the IRP. Findings from cross-sectional studies mostly show enhanced immunity in physically active compared to sedentary older adults. These include greater T-cell responsiveness to mitogens in vitro, a reduced frequency of antigen-experienced and senescent T-cells (i.e. CD45RO+/KLRG1+/CD57+/CD28–), enhanced IL-2 production and T-lymphocyte expression of the IL-2 receptor, longer chromosome telomere lengths in blood leukocytes and in vivo immune responses to vaccines and recall antigens. In contrast, the evidence from the available longitudinal studies that have used an exercise training intervention in previously sedentary elderly to improve similar immune responses is less compelling. Although this might indicate that exercise has limited immune restorative properties in previously sedentary elderly, there are still relatively few studies that have addressed specific IRP criteria and the large variation in experimental design among the longitudinal studies complicates the juxtaposition of these results. It is clear that a more substantial and focused research approach is required before physical exercise can be used in earnest as an effective immune restorative strategy in the elderly. This mini-review summarizes the major findings of these studies and proposes future avenues of research to investigate the effects of regular exercise on aspects of adaptive immunity in the elderly as they relate to the IRP.

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Effects of Endurance Training on Selected Parameters of Immune Function in Elderly Women

Cited by 49 publications

References 25 publications

Interrelationship between Physical Activity, Symptomatology of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, and Depression in Elderly People

Interrelationship between Physical Activity, Symptomatology of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, and Depression in Elderly People

Effect of moderate exercise on salivary immunoglobulin A and infection risk in humans

Coupling Aging Immunity with a Sedentary Lifestyle: Has the Damage Already Been Done? – A Mini-Review

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