Abstract. Although endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may interfere with the endocrine system(s) of our body and have estrogenicity or androgenicity, the exact mechanism(s) underlying their detrimental effects is not clearly understood. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the effects of EDCs on proliferation and regulation of transcription of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BG-1 ovarian cancer cells, and their possible mechanisms were further examined. Treatment with bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP) and methoxychlor (MXC) for 24 h resulted in an increase of cell proliferation. Treatment with BPA, NP, OP and MXC increased the estrogen response element (ERE) activity. The increase of cell proliferation and activation of ERE were reversed in the presence of an estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI 182780. These results suggest that ER is involved in EDC-mediated pathway in ovarian cancer cells. Based on this, we further investigated the involvement of EDCs in activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in relation to cell growth. BPA rapidly induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 MAPK at 15 min, but the effect of BPA (10 μM) on stimulation of cell growth was not blocked by pretreatment with inhibitors of MEK (PD98059) or p38 (SB203580) in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, EDC-induced proliferation is mediated by a genomic effect through ERs and ERE, but EDC-activated MAPK is unlikely to be involved in EDC-induced cell growth in estrogen-responsive ovarian cancer cells. Key words: Endocrine disrupting chemical, Estrogen receptor, Estrogen response element, Extracellular signalregulated kinase, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (J. Reprod. Dev. 55: [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] 2009) varian carcinoma is one of the most frequent gynaecologic cancers, following breast, lung and colorectal cancer [1]. Although the biological causes of ovarian cancer remain unknown, hormonal factors such as estrogen or gonadotropins have been implicated in the etiology of ovarian cancer [2]. In addition, it has been reported that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may increase the risk of cancer incidence [3,4]. However, the data associated with the effect of EDCs on ovarian cancer cells are scarce.Since EDCs are known as environmental chemicals that interfere with the hormonal balance of vertebrates and invertebrates, they are considered to be important in physiology and the endocrine system [5,6]. EDCs are released from industrial products such as plastics, pesticides, detergents and other synthetic products. It has been proposed that EDCs may increase human health risks and have potentials to affect the immune system and development of vital organs [7][8][9].Bisphenol-A (BPA), alkylphenols, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and phthalates are mainly highlighted among EDCs. BPA, a compound used in polycarbonate and epoxy resins, has been implicated as a potent risk factor for women's health [10]. BPA has been widely use...