Effects of Encoding Tasks on the Own-Age Face Recognition Bias

Randall, Jason L.; Tabernik, Holly E.; Aguilera, Aisha M.; Anastasi, Jeffrey S.; Valk, Kendra V.

doi:10.1080/00221309.2012.657266

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As an apparent controversy, in some studies OAB was less pronounced or even absent in older participants (e.g., Harrison and Hole, 2009 ; Wiese et al, 2012 ). However, our automatic change-detection procedure is different from the recognition paradigm of OAB studies, apart from a methodological similarity of a certain task that required task-irrelevant coding of facial age ( Randall et al, 2012 ; Neumann et al, 2014 ). However, even in these studies participants had to attend to other aspects of the faces (e.g., gender, aesthetic value).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As results of some OAB studies show, both stages of the hypothesized processes are automatic. This is because following incidental learning of faces (attractiveness or friendliness rating or age estimation, search for a non-facial target feature), subsequent face recognition is similar to the effect of intentional (attentional) learning ( Randall et al, 2012 ; Neumann et al, 2014 ). To investigate the possibility of automaticity of OAB-related effects and of age-related sensitivity differences, we compared a younger and an older group of participants in a vMMN paradigm with sequences of young standard – old deviant and old standard – young deviant photographs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Older Adults Automatically Detect Age of Older Adults’ Photographs: A Visual Mismatch Negativity Study

Csizmadia

Petro

Kojouharova

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The human face is one of the most frequently used stimuli in vMMN (visual mismatch negativity) research. Previous studies showed that vMMN is sensitive to facial emotions and gender, but investigations of age-related vMMN differences are relatively rare. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the models’ age in photographs were automatically detected, even if the photographs were not parts of the ongoing task. Furthermore, we investigated age-related differences, and the possibility of different sensitivity to photographs of participants’ own versus different ages. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) to faces of young and old models in younger (N = 20; 18–30 years) and older groups (N = 20; 60–75 years). The faces appeared around the location of the field of a tracking task. In sequences the young or the old faces were either frequent (standards) or infrequent (deviants). According to the results, a regular sequence of models’ age is automatically registered, and faces violating the models’ age elicited the vMMN component. However, in this study vMMN emerged only in the older group to same-age deviants. This finding is explained by the less effective inhibition of irrelevant stimuli in the elderly, and corresponds to own-age bias effect of recognition studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Older Adults Automatically Detect Age of Older Adults’ Photographs: A Visual Mismatch Negativity Study

Csizmadia

Petro

Kojouharova

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…To circumvent this concern, we used a middle-aged actor and lineup members so that neither young nor older individuals benefited from an own-age effect. Both young and older adults have been reported to recognise photographs of middle-aged adults as well as photographs of adults of their own-age (Anastasi & Rhodes, 2006 ; Cronin et al, 2020 ; Randall et al, 2012 ), but see Wolff et al ( 2012 ). Although not the primary focus of this study, the use of a middle-aged perpetrator enabled us to examine whether discriminability of older adults remained poor when own-age effects were controlled in this way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lineup identification in young and older witnesses: does describing the criminal help or hinder?

et al. 2022

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The world population is getting older and, as a result, the number of older victims of crime is expected to increase. It is therefore essential to understand how ageing affects eyewitness identification, so procedures can be developed that enable victims of crime of all ages to provide evidence as accurately and reliably as possible. In criminal investigations, witnesses often provide a description of the perpetrator of the crime before later making an identification. While describing the perpetrator prior to making a lineup identification can have a detrimental effect on identification in younger adults, referred to as verbal overshadowing, it is unclear whether older adults are affected in the same way. Our study compared lineup identification of a group of young adults and a group of older adults using the procedure that has consistently revealed verbal overshadowing in young adults. Participants watched a video of a mock crime. Following a 20-min filled delay, they either described the perpetrator or completed a control task. Immediately afterwards, they identified the perpetrator from a lineup, or indicated that the perpetrator was not present, and rated their confidence. We found that describing the perpetrator decreased subsequent correct identification of the perpetrator in both young and older adults. This effect of verbal overshadowing was not explained by a change in discrimination but was consistent with participants adopting a more conservative criterion. Confidence and response time were both found to predict identification accuracy for young and older groups, particularly in the control condition.

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“…In contrast to the OAB between young and older adults, the OAB between young‐ and middle‐aged adults has received limited attention. Few studies have examined middle‐aged participants or included middle‐aged faces as other‐age stimuli (Anastasi & Rhodes, 2005, 2006; Fulton & Bartlett, 1991; Randall, Tabernik, Aguilera, Anastasi, & Valk, 2012; Wolff, Wiese, & Schweinberger, 2012; Wright & Stroud, 2002). The outcomes of these studies have been mixed, finding the OAB approximately half of the time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable middle‐aged face recognition: No moderation of the own‐age bias across contexts

Cronin

Craig

Lipp

2020

British J of Psychology

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The own‐age bias (OAB) has been proposed to be caused by perceptual expertise and/or social‐cognitive mechanisms. Investigations into the role of social cognition have, however, yielded mixed results. One reason for this might be the tendency for research to focus on the OAB in young adults, between young and older adult faces where other‐age individuation experience is low. To explore whether social‐cognitive manipulations may be successful when observers have sufficient other‐age individuation experience, we examined biases involving middle‐aged other‐age faces and the influence of a context manipulation. Across four experiments, young adult participants were presented with middle‐aged faces alongside young or older adult faces to remember. We predicted that in contexts where middle‐aged faces were positioned as other‐age faces (alongside young adult faces), recognition performance would be worse than when they were positioned as relative own‐age faces (alongside older adult faces). However, the context manipulations did not moderate middle age face recognition. This suggests that past findings that context does not change other‐age face recognition holds for other‐age faces for which observers have higher individuation experience. These findings are consistent with a perceptual expertise account of the OAB but more investigation of the generality of these results is required.

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Effects of Encoding Tasks on the Own-Age Face Recognition Bias

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Older Adults Automatically Detect Age of Older Adults’ Photographs: A Visual Mismatch Negativity Study

Older Adults Automatically Detect Age of Older Adults’ Photographs: A Visual Mismatch Negativity Study

Lineup identification in young and older witnesses: does describing the criminal help or hinder?

Stable middle‐aged face recognition: No moderation of the own‐age bias across contexts

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