Effects of Emotional Stress on Neuroendocrine and Autonomic Functions in Skydiving

AValenzano, Anna; Moscatelli, Fiorenzo; Triggiani, Antonio Ivano; Capranica, Laura; Messina, Antonietta; Piombino, Laura; Tafuri, Domenico; Cibelli, Giuseppe; Monda, Marcellino

doi:10.4172/2378-5756.100028

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrinological disorder [1][2][3] which is a group of metabolic or heterogeneous affliction resulting from an irregularity in insulin secretion and insulin action or both consistent with derangement in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism [4]. us, the impaired insulin secretion and action in turn lead to persistent abnormally high blood glucose level and glucose intolerance [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antihyperglycemic Effects and Mode of Actions of Musa paradisiaca Leaf and Fruit Peel Hydroethanolic Extracts in Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Rats

Aziz

Ahmed

El‐Twab

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The present study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effects of Musa paradisiaca (M. paradisiaca) leaf and fruit peel hydroethanolic extracts and to suggest their probable mode of actions in nicotinamide (NA)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The leaf and fruit peel hydroethanolic extracts were analyzed by GC-MS that indicated the presence of phytol, octadecatrienoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and octadecadienoic acid as major components in the leaf extract and vitamin E, octadecenamide, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol as major phytochemicals in the fruit peel extract. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 4.5), 15 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of NA (120 mg/kg body weight). The NA/STZ-induced diabetic rats were, respectively, treated with M. paradisiaca leaf and fruit peel hydroethanolic extracts at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight/day by oral administration for 28 days. The treatment of NA/STZ-induced diabetic rats with leaf and fruit peel extracts significantly improved the impaired oral glucose tolerance and significantly increased the lowered serum insulin and C-peptide levels. The HOMA-IR (as the index of insulin resistance) and QUICKI (as a marker for insulin sensitivity), as well as HOMA-β cell function were significantly alleviated as a result of treatment of diabetic rats with leaf and fruit peel extracts. In association, the elevated serum-free fatty acids, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased. In addition, the suppressed adipose tissue PPARγ, GLUT4, adiponectin, and insulin receptor β-subunit mRNA expressions were upregulated while the elevated adipose tissue resistin expression was downregulated in diabetic rats as a result of treatment with the leaf and peel extract. Based on these results, it can be concluded that M. paradisiaca leaf and fruit peel hydroethanolic extracts have antihyperglycemic effects which may be mediated via their insulinotropic and insulin-sensitizing effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antihyperglycemic Effects and Mode of Actions of Musa paradisiaca Leaf and Fruit Peel Hydroethanolic Extracts in Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Rats

Aziz

Ahmed

El‐Twab

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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show abstract

“…This unparallel effect of body fat content upon HRV variables in pre-/post-menopausal women indicates that the autonomic imbalance might rather be attributed to the age factor and the mutated sex hormonal balance, following the menopause onset. Indeed, suppression of sex hormones to postmenopausal levels reduces resting energy expenditure in young healthy women, through a reduction of autonomic nervous activity (Day et al, 2005; Messina et al, 2015b). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Autonomic Nervous System and Orexinergic System on Adipose Tissue

et al. 2017

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Adipose tissue, defined as white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), is a biological caloric reservoir; in response to over-nutrition it expands and, in response to energy deficit, it releases lipids. The WAT primarily stores energy as triglycerides, whereas BAT dissipates chemical energy as heat. In mammals, the BAT is a key site for heat production and an attractive target to promote weight loss. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) exerts a direct control at the cellular and molecular levels in adiposity. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) provides a complex homeostatic control to specifically coordinate function and crosstalk of both fat pads, as indicated by the increase of the sympathetic outflow to BAT, in response to cold and high-fat diet, but also by the increase or decrease of the sympathetic outflow to selected WAT depots, in response to different lipolytic requirements of these two conditions. More recently, a role has been attributed to the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) in modulating both adipose tissue insulin-mediated glucose uptake and fatty free acid (FFA) metabolism in an anabolic way and its endocrine function. The regulation of adipose tissue is unlikely to be limited to the autonomic control, since a number of signaling cytokines and neuropeptides play an important role, as well. In this review, we report some experimental evidences about the role played by both the ANS and orexins into different fat pads, related to food intake and energy expenditure, with a special emphasis on body weight status and fat mass (FM) content.

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Doping in Italy: An Analysis of its Spread in Ten Years

Mazzeo¹,

Monda

Messina³

et al. 2016

Biol Med (Aligarh)

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Aim: Doping affects the sport. Its explosive spread has triggered the response of sports' and government's institutions. The aims of this study were to know the spread of doping in Italy, what were the most used substances and/or method and in which sports it was more common. Moreover, what instruments were used to contrast it. Methods:We have analysed the doping's spread in Italy since 2003. The data come from the databases of government and sports Italians institutions. We have compared those data and focused our attention on substances and/or methods discovered in athletes. Furthermore, data's combination showed the reason of drug addiction. Results:In Italy, only 3% of checked athletes are doped, many of them are men and young athletes dope less than the older ones. Doped athletes play mainly cycling, athletics, swimming and football. The prominent peak of them is in the Central and Southern Italy in 2008 and 2010. Moreover, the analysis of data relating to galenic preparations declared during the year 2012, shows that 75% of the prescribed substances are diuretics and masking agents, anabolic steroids and stimulant. Regarding the substances, cannabinoids and stimulants have recorded the highest consumption. Conclusion:The data show only the tip of the iceberg due to doping's secrecy. Every substance that give pleasant sensations or help the subject in his activity will bring him to repeat the consumption. Frequently, new substances and methods are discovered. For this reason, to contrast this phenomenon, there are legislation instruments together with various funded projects.

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Effects of Emotional Stress on Neuroendocrine and Autonomic Functions in Skydiving

Cited by 5 publications

References 64 publications

Antihyperglycemic Effects and Mode of Actions of Musa paradisiaca Leaf and Fruit Peel Hydroethanolic Extracts in Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Rats

Antihyperglycemic Effects and Mode of Actions of Musa paradisiaca Leaf and Fruit Peel Hydroethanolic Extracts in Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Rats

Role of Autonomic Nervous System and Orexinergic System on Adipose Tissue

Doping in Italy: An Analysis of its Spread in Ten Years

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