Effects of emamectin benzoate and cypermethrin on the demography of Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko

Parsaeyan, E.; Safavi, Seyed Ali; Saber, Moosa; Poorjavad, Nafiseh

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2017.03.026

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Other studies have, however, found it to have negative impacts on natural enemies e.g. 32,[56][57][58] . In assessing the acute and sub-lethal toxicity of 14 pesticides on the generalist predator Orius laevigatus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Biondi et al 59 found Attack to be moderately harmful until seven days after spraying.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Scope for non-crop plants to promote conservation biological control of crop pests and serve as sources of botanical insecticides

Amoabeng

Stevenson

Mochiah

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Besides providing food and shelter to natural enemies of crop pests, plants used in conservation biological control interventions potentially provide additional ecosystem services including providing botanical insecticides. Here we concurrently tested the strength of these two services from six non-crop plants in managing cabbage pests in Ghana over three successive field seasons. Crop margin plantings of Ageratum conyzoides, Tridax procumbens, Crotalaria juncea, Cymbopogon citratus, Lantana camara and Talinum triangulare were compared with a bare earth control in a three-way split plot design such that the crop in each plot was sprayed with either a 10% (w/v) aqueous extract from the border plant species, a negative control (water) and a positive control (emamectin benzoate 'Attack' insecticide). Pests were significantly less numerous in all unsprayed treatments with non-crop plant margins and in corresponding sprayed treatments (with botanical or synthetic insecticide positive control) while treatments with bare earth margin or sprayed with water (negative controls) had the highest pest densities. Numbers of predators were significantly depressed by synthetic insecticide but higher in other treatments whether unsprayed or sprayed with botanical insecticide. We conclude that some plant species have utility in both conservation biological control and as source of botanical insecticides that are relatively benign to natural enemies. In this crop system, however, the additional cost associated with using botanical insecticides was not justified by greater levels of pest suppression than achieved from border plants alone. Insect pest attack causes huge crop losses 1 affecting the potential availability of food for over one billion people 2 , and threatening global food security 3. Effective pest management is critical to meeting global food demands 4-6 and synthetic insecticides have been the principal tool in the past six decades 7,8. Even with the introduction of newer and relatively safer insecticides 8 and increased application per unit area and time 9 , crop loss resulting from insect damage has doubled in the past four decades 1,10,11. Indiscriminate and excessive application has led to the elimination of important organisms in the agroecosystem that support crop production 12,13. This is especially prevalent in developing countries including Ghana where farmers and the environment are exposed to high levels of synthetic insecticides, including active ingredients that have been banned in developed nations due to high toxicity and persistence 14. Inadequate provision of important ecosystem services including natural enemy-mediated pest control reinforces reliance on hazardous inputs such as insecticides and threatens agricultural sustainability 15,16. Conservation biological control based on habitat manipulation has been proposed as a sustainable alternative to synthetic insecticides 17. Habitat manipulation involves intentionally establishing plant species at the farm scale or landscape scale to provide conduc...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Scope for non-crop plants to promote conservation biological control of crop pests and serve as sources of botanical insecticides

Amoabeng

Stevenson

Mochiah

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…In the present study, both phoxim and cypermethrin was found to be detrimental to M. pulchricornis through the topical application method. Previous studies have shown an unfavorable effect of cypermethrin exposure on several other parasitoids, such as Cotesia vestalis (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) ( Stemele et al 2017 ), Trichogramma brassicae ( Parsaeyan et al 2017 ) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), and Eretmocerus mundus (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) ( Francesena et al 2017 ). However, rare studies have shown the toxicity of phoxim to other parasitoid wasps, such as Peristenus spretus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (Chen & van Achterberg) adults with an LC 50 value of 0.06 mg a.i./liter ( Liu et al 2015b ) and Trichogramma japonicum (Ahmead) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) with an LC 50 of 0.11 mg a.i./liter ( Zhao et al 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Sensitivity to Phoxim and Cypermethrin in an Endoparasitoid,Meteorus pulchricornis(Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and Its Parasitization Efficiency Under Insecticide Stress

Sheng

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Journal of Insect Science

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Insecticides can have consequences for beneficial arthropods. Insect parasitoids can contact insecticides through direct exposure spray droplets or residues on crop foliage. Here, we focus on better understand the response of Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael), a parasitoid wasp of lepidopteran pests, and its detoxification mechanisms on stress caused by phoxim and cypermethrin. Hence, we determined the dose–mortality curves and estimating the sublethal concentrations (LC30 and LC50). Then, we applied the sublethal concentrations against adult parasitoids to assess its survival, parasitism efficacy, and also developmental and morphometric parameters of their offspring. Simultaneously, we check the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and peroxidase (POD) after sublethal exposure of both insecticides, which has measured until 48 h after treatment. Overall, phoxim and cypermethrin exhibited acute lethal activity toward the parasitoid with LC50 values 4.608 and 8.570 mg/liter, respectively. Also, we detect that LC30 was able to trigger the enzymatic activity of GST, AChE, and POD, suggesting a potential detoxification mechanism. However, even when subjected to sublethal exposure, our results indicate strong negatives effects, in particular for phoxim, which has affected the parasitism efficacy and also the developmental and morphometric parameters of M. pulchricornis offspring. Therefore, it can be concluded that both phoxim and cypermethrin have negative impacts on M. pulchricornis and we suggest cautioning their use and the need for semifield and field assessments to confirm such an impact.

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“…The eggs laid by T. howardi were fed on the pupae treated by insecticides. The absorption of nutrients by the host was speculated to be inhibited, resulting in the reduction of the emergence rate and the number of emerged offspring [ 34 ]. The data in the present study showed that the emergence rate of R1 and R3 was lower than that of R2 at the same concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Evaluation of Chemical Insecticides to Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a Pupal Parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Using Three Exposure Routes

Liu

Lyu

et al. 2022

Insects

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Spodoptera frugiperda has become a major pest in many crops worldwide. The main control strategies are biological and chemical controls. However, pesticides have varying degrees of toxicity to parasitic wasps in the field. To integrate chemical and biological controls, we evaluated the safety of insecticides to Tetrastichus howardi, an important pupal parasitoid of S. frugiperda. This study assessed the toxicity of six major control insecticides (emamectin benzoate, chlorfenapyr, indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, bisultap, and lufenuron) to T. howardi based on risk quotient. The results showed that indoxacarb had the lowest risk quotient (RQ = 7.43). Then the side effects of three sublethal concentrations (LC20, LC30, LC40) of indoxacarb were tested using three methods (1. Adult exposure to pesticide residues on the glass tube; 2. Adult exposure to pesticide residues on the host; 3. Larval exposure to pesticides through host exposure). Overall, T. howardi had a lower parasitism rate and emergence rate with the higher pesticide concentrations. Furthermore, among three methods, the adult exposure to pesticide residues on the glass tube was the most efficient in inhibiting the parasitism rate, and impairing the emergence rate and the offspring female/male ratio. This study guides a more scientific and comprehensive application of pesticides and releases natural enemies in the field.

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Effects of emamectin benzoate and cypermethrin on the demography of Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

Scope for non-crop plants to promote conservation biological control of crop pests and serve as sources of botanical insecticides

Scope for non-crop plants to promote conservation biological control of crop pests and serve as sources of botanical insecticides

Evaluation of Sensitivity to Phoxim and Cypermethrin in an Endoparasitoid,Meteorus pulchricornis(Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and Its Parasitization Efficiency Under Insecticide Stress

Safety Evaluation of Chemical Insecticides to Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a Pupal Parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Using Three Exposure Routes

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