Effects of elicitation treatment and genotypic variation on induced resistance in Populus : impacts on gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) development and feeding behavior

Havill, Nathan P.; Raffa, Kenneth F.

doi:10.1007/s004420050861

Cited by 73 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…As hypothesized, the tradeoff between constitutive and induced resistance was significant among wild species but not among cultivated species. Concordantly, most previous studies that did not find a tradeoff between constitutive and induced resistance used genotypes or varieties of cultivated crop species (6,(18)(19)(20)(21). The presence of the tradeoff in wild plant species and its absence in cultivated plant species indicates that evolutionary rather than physiological forces cause the tradeoff in nature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Tradeoffs associated with constitutive and induced plant resistance against herbivory

Kempel

Schädler

Chrobock

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

218

193

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Several prominent hypotheses have been posed to explain the immense variability among plant species in defense against herbivores. A major concept in the evolutionary ecology of plant defenses is that tradeoffs of defense strategies are likely to generate and maintain species diversity. In particular, tradeoffs between constitutive and induced resistance and tradeoffs relating these strategies to growth and competitive ability have been predicted. We performed three independent experiments on 58 plant species from 15 different plant families to address these hypotheses in a phylogenetic framework. Because evolutionary tradeoffs may be altered by human-imposed artificial selection, we used 18 wild plant species and 40 cultivated garden-plant species. Across all 58 plant species, we demonstrate a tradeoff between constitutive and induced resistance, which was robust to accounting for phylogenetic history of the species. Moreover, the tradeoff was driven by wild species and was not evident for cultivated species. In addition, we demonstrate that more competitive species-but not fast growing ones-had lower constitutive but higher induced resistance. Thus, our multispecies experiments indicate that the competition-defense tradeoff holds for constitutive resistance and is complemented by a positive relationship of competitive ability with induced resistance. We conclude that the studied genetically determined tradeoffs are indeed likely to play an important role in shaping the high diversity observed among plant species in resistance against herbivores and in life history traits.comparative experimental study | phylogenetic corrections | plant defense theory | plant-insect interaction | Spodoptera littoralis G iven that green plants are the ultimate source of energy for most other organisms, it is not surprising that plants evolved a variety of resistance strategies, which can be constitutively expressed or induced after damage (1). Although herbivory selects for enhanced plant resistance, plants vary greatly in their resistance, both among species (2) and among genotypes within species (3). This indicates that being well defended may not always be the best strategy-most likely because allocation to resistance may physiologically constrain other investments (reviewed in refs. 4 and 5) and because constraints on resource allocation may produce negative genetic correlations between resistance mechanisms and other life-history traits (6-8). The current assumption in evolutionary ecology is that such tradeoffs contribute to the generation and maintenance of species diversity (8).Several hypotheses on tradeoffs associated with constitutive and induced resistance have been formulated. Among the most fundamental ones is the long-predicted tradeoff between constitutive and induced resistance itself (6, 9). This hypothesis is derived from the idea that resistance is costly and that a species already well defended by high constitutive resistance will benefit only negligibly by further induced resistance (1, 10). However, genera...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Tradeoffs associated with constitutive and induced plant resistance against herbivory

Kempel

Schädler

Chrobock

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

218

193

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Unfortunately, there is not enough detailed knowledge about host plant resistance to insects in these developing systems for species or cultivar selections to have a significant impact. There is no dispute that there are substantial variations in the natural resistance of the trees in question (41,54,57,89,122,123), but to develop these resistance traits to the point of economic utility requires long-term research. Hybrids between closely related species, such as oaks (Quercus spp.…”

Section: Designing Intensively Managed Hardwood Ecosystems To Decreasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology and Management of Insect Pests in North American Intensively Managed Hardwood Forest Systems,

Coyle

Nebeker

Hart

et al. 2005

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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▪ Abstract Increasing demand for wood and wood products is putting stress on traditional forest production areas, leading to long-term economic and environmental concerns. Intensively managed hardwood forest systems (IMHFS), grown using conventional agricultural as well as forestry methods, can help alleviate potential problems in natural forest production areas. Although IMHFS can produce more biomass per hectare per year than natural forests, the ecologically simplified, monocultural systems may greatly increase the crop's susceptibility to pests. Species in the genera Populus and Salix comprise the greatest acreage in IMHFS in North America, but other species, including Liquidambar styraciflua and Platanus occidentalis, are also important. We discuss life histories, realized and potential damage, and management options for the most economically influential pests that affect these hardwood species. The substantial inherent challenges associated with pest management in the monocultural environments created by IMHFS are reviewed. Finally, we discuss ways to design IMHFS that may reduce their susceptibility to pests, increase their growth and productivity potential, and create a more sustainable environment.

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“…It is significant that wounding induces expression of these genes in the damaged as well as unwounded (systemically wounded) leaves; their wound inducibility suggests that the corresponding defense proteins play an important role in the poplar defense. Furthermore, in other poplar hybrids prior leaf damage or feeding was shown to reduce subsequent damage by pests (Robison and Raffa, 1997;Havill and Raffa, 1999), underscoring the biological importance of inducible defense mechanisms in poplar.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pest resistance in poplar is very variable among genotypes (Robison and Raffa, 1994;Havill and Raffa, 1999); however, the mechanisms underlying such differences still need to be elucidated. Greater knowledge of how poplars defend themselves against insect herbivores will provide novel genes for genetic engineering of resistance, as well as markers for selection of superior genotypes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenol Oxidase from Hybrid Poplar. Cloning and Expression in Response to Wounding and Herbivory

et al. 2000

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The inducible expression of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), a presumed antiherbivore enzyme, was examined in hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa ϫ Populus deltoides). Following mechanical wounding simulating insect damage, PPO activity increased dramatically in wounded and unwounded leaves on wounded plants beginning at 24 and 48 h, respectively. A hybrid poplar PPO cDNA was isolated and its nucleotide sequence determined. On northern blots, PPO transcripts were detected within 8 h of wounding, and reached peak levels at 16 and 24 h in wounded and unwounded leaves, respectively. Methyl jasmonate spray and feeding by forest tent caterpillar also induced PPO expression. The induction of PPO was strongest in the youngest four leaves, which were generally avoided by caterpillars in free feeding experiments. This wound-and herbivore-induced expression of PPO in hybrid poplar supports the defensive role of this protein against insect pests.

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Effects of elicitation treatment and genotypic variation on induced resistance in Populus : impacts on gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) development and feeding behavior

Cited by 73 publications

References 54 publications

Tradeoffs associated with constitutive and induced plant resistance against herbivory

Tradeoffs associated with constitutive and induced plant resistance against herbivory

Biology and Management of Insect Pests in North American Intensively Managed Hardwood Forest Systems,

Polyphenol Oxidase from Hybrid Poplar. Cloning and Expression in Response to Wounding and Herbivory

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