Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on the growth and yield of spring wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum L</i>.)

Mulholland, B. J.; Craigon, Jim; Black, C. R.; Colls, J. J.; Atherton, J. G.; Landon, G.

doi:10.1093/jxb/48.1.113

Cited by 71 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…3a,b) were consistent with earlier studies involving large rooting volumes and high nitrogen input (Drake et al, 1997), and were reflected in biomass and yield increases for this crop (Mulholland et al, 1997a). The increase in photo- …”

Section: supporting

confidence: 90%

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Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO₂ protect against and compensate for O₃ damage to photosynthetic tissues of field‐grown wheat

et al. 2000

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The effects of elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone on diurnal patterns of photosynthesis have been investigated in field-grown spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plants cultivated under realistic agronomic conditions, in open-top chambers, were exposed from emergence to harvest to reciprocal combinations of two carbon dioxide and two ozone treatments : [CO # ] at ambient (380 µmol mol −" , seasonal mean) or elevated (692 µmol mol −" ) levels, [O $ ] at ambient (27 nmol mol −" , 7 hr seasonal mean) or elevated (61 nmol mol −" ) levels. After anthesis, diurnal measurements were made of flag-leaf gas-exchange and in vitro Rubisco activity and content. Elevated [CO # ] resulted in an increase in photoassimilation rate and a loss of excess Rubisco activity. Elevated [O $ ] caused a loss of Rubisco and a decline in photoassimilation rate late in flag-leaf development. Elevated [CO # ] ameliorated O $ damage. The mechanisms of amelioration included a protective stomatal restriction of O $ flux to the mesophyll, and a compensatory effect of increased substrate on photoassimilation and photosynthetic control. However, the degree of protection and compensation appeared to be affected by the natural seasonal and diurnal variations in light, temperature and water status.

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Section: supporting

confidence: 90%

“…However, the individual effects of these pollutants on crop growth and yield are not simply additive in combined exposures (Barnes & Pfirrmann, 1992 ;Mulchi et al, 1992 ;Reinert & Ho, 1995 ;Fiscus et al, 1997 ;McKee et al, 1997a ;Mulholland et al, 1997a ;Heagle et al, 1998).…”

Section: Concurrent Emissions Of Nitrogen Oxides and Volatile Organicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO₂ protect against and compensate for O₃ damage to photosynthetic tissues of field‐grown wheat

et al. 2000

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“…They are the most important precursors of tropospheric ozone (O $ ) and photochemical smog (Schlesinger 1991 ;Chameides et al, 1994). There has been a number of investigations of the effects of interactions between O $ and elevated CO # on trees, grasses, and agricultural plants (e.g., Volin & Reich, 1996 ;Mulholland et al, 1997 ;Reinert, Eason & Barton, 1997). Since elevated CO # usually reduces stomatal conductance (Ceulemans & Mousseau, 1994), which reduces plant uptake of ozone and subsequent damage (Reich & Amundson, 1985), it is generally found that elevated CO # provides some degree of protection from the phytotoxic effects of ozone.…”

Section: Tropospheric Ozonementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen deposition: a component of global change analyses

Norby

1998

New Phytologist

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The global cycles of carbon and nitrogen are being perturbed by human activities that increase the transfer from large pools of non‐reactive forms of the elements to reactive forms that are essential to the functioning of the terrestrial biosphere. The cycles are closely linked at all scales, and global change analyses must consider C and N cycles together. The increasing amount of N originating from fossil fuel combustion and deposited to terrestrial ecosystems as nitrogen oxides could increase the capacity of ecosystems to sequester C, thereby removing some of the excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and slowing the development of greenhouse warming. Several global and ecosystem models have calculated the amount of C sequestration that can be attributed to N deposition, based on assumptions about the allocation of N among ecosystem components with different C∶N ratios. They support the premise that, since industrialization began, N deposition has been responsible for an increasing terrestrial C sink, but there is great uncertainty whether ecosystems will continue to retain exogenous N. Whether terrestrial ecosystems continue to sequester additional C will depend in part on their response to increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide, widely thought to be constrained by limited N availability. Ecosystem models generally support the conclusion that responses to increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide will be greater, and the range of possible responses will be wider, in ecosystems where increased N inputs originate as atmospheric deposition. The interactions between N deposition and increasing carbon dioxide concentrations could be altered considerably, however, by additional factors, including N saturation of ecosystems, changes in community composition, and climate change. Nitrogen deposition is also linked to global change issues through the volatile losses of nitrous oxide, which is a potent greenhouse gas, and the role of nitrogen oxides in the production of tropospheric ozone, which could interact with plant responses to elevated carbon dioxide. Any consideration of the role of N deposition in global change issues must also balance the projected responses against the serious detrimental impact of excess N on the environment.

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“…The importance of such information has been demonstrated by recent monitoring studies which show that the ambient ozone climate exceeds the threshold for potential reductions in crop yield over large areas of Europe and North America (Fowler et al, 1999). There is abundant evidence that current ambient ozone concentrations in many industrialized areas of the world are sufficient to induce significant yield losses in both agricultural and native species (Heagle et al, 1988 ;Heck et al, 1988 ;Mulchi et al, 1988 ;Heagle, 1989 ;Pleijel et al, 1991 ;De Temmerman et al, 1992 ;Fuhrer et al, 1992 ;Ja$ ger et al, 1993 ;Ska$ rby et al, 1993 ;Vandermeiren et al, 1995, Mulholland et al, 1997a, 1998aDavison & Barnes, 1998 ;Lyons & Barnes, 1998 ;Bergweiler & Manning, 1999 ;Gimeno et al, 1999 ;. However, although evidence is accumulating to suggest that the composition of native communities may be affected, there is still relatively little information available concerning the effects of ozone on the reproductive performance of native tree and herbaceous species (Davison & Barnes, 1998 ;Barnes et al, 1999a).…”

Section:  mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further ultrastructural and biochemical studies are required to establish the mechanistic origins of the effects of ozone and other gaseous pollutants on pollen germination and performance. Moreover, little is known concerning the Feder, 1970Mulholland et al, 1997a, 1998a Delayed Glycine max Gossypium hirsutum Lemna perpusilla Oshima et al, 1979Feder and Sullivan, 1969bFeder, 1970Pelargoniumihortorum Dianthus caryophyllus Geranium Carnation Feder, 1970Feder & Campbell, 1968Feder, 1970 ‡Indicates that only the inflorescences were exposed to ozone ; the vegetative and reproductive organs were both exposed in all other studies. §Responses varied depending on timing of exposure.…”

Section: Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tansley Review No. 115

et al. 2000

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Sexual reproductive development is a crucial stage in the life cycle of higher plants as any impairment of the processes involved might have significant implications for the productivity of crop plants and the survival of native species. There is considerable evidence that exposure to ozone, even at current ambient levels in many industrialized countries, reduces grain and fruit yields and adversely affects yield quality. It is also well established that sensitivity to ozone may differ not only between species, but also between cultivars and populations of individual species, and that the impact of exposure is highly dependent on ozone concentration and the duration and timing of exposure. However, few studies have attempted to distinguish between the direct effects of air pollutants on reproductive development, and indirect effects mediated by injury to the vegetative organs and associated changes in the supply of assimilates and other essential resources to support reproductive growth, or the levels of endogenous growth regulators. This review considers the impact of ozone on the reproductive biology of agricultural and native species, and examines its direct effects on specific reproductive processes. The extent to which compensatory responses redress the adverse effects of exposure is also explored, with particular reference to recent studies of Brassica napus (oilseed rape), Brassica campestris (Wisconsin Fast Plants), Plantago major (greater plantain) and Triticum aestivum (wheat).

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Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on the growth and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Cited by 71 publications

References 33 publications

Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO₂ protect against and compensate for O₃ damage to photosynthetic tissues of field‐grown wheat

Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO₂ protect against and compensate for O₃ damage to photosynthetic tissues of field‐grown wheat

Nitrogen deposition: a component of global change analyses

Tansley Review No. 115

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Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on the growth and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Cited by 71 publications

References 33 publications

Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 protect against and compensate for O3 damage to photosynthetic tissues of field‐grown wheat

Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 protect against and compensate for O3 damage to photosynthetic tissues of field‐grown wheat

Nitrogen deposition: a component of global change analyses

Tansley Review No. 115

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Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO₂ protect against and compensate for O₃ damage to photosynthetic tissues of field‐grown wheat

Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO₂ protect against and compensate for O₃ damage to photosynthetic tissues of field‐grown wheat