Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen fertilisation on yield of Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne

Hebeisen, Thomas; Luescher, Andreas; Nösberger, J.

doi:10.1016/s1146-609x(97)80015-x

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Several other studies have also found that despite significant effects on plant growth, nutrient addition did not enable greater responsiveness to elevated CO 2 (Chiariello and Field 1996;Lloyd and Farquhar 1996;Körner et al 1997;Reich et al 2001aReich et al , 2001b. But a noteworthy number of studies found increasing magnitudes of growth stimulation in response to elevated CO 2 as N supply increased (Hebeisen et al 1997a;Wand et al 1999;Poorter and PØrez-Soba 2001). The lack of agreement across studies, and the fact that the CO 2 response of some species appears to be independent of N supply, represents an ongoing major uncertainty in CO 2 research and suggests that mechanisms independent of N limitation may be important in determining the ability to respond to increased CO 2 concentrations or may reflect species-specific differences in response to CO 2 concentration and their interactions with the nutrient status of each respective system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Legume presence increases photosynthesis and N concentrations of co-occurring non-fixers but does not modulate their responsiveness to carbon dioxide enrichment

2003

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Legumes, with the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N), may help alleviate the N limitations thought to constrain plant community response to elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)). To address this issue we assessed: (1) the effects of the presence of the perennial grassland N(2 )fixer, Lupinus perennis, on biomass accumulation and plant N concentrations of nine-species plots of differing plant composition; (2) leaf-level physiology of co-occurring non-fixing species (Achillea millefolium, Agropyron repens, Koeleria cristata) in these assemblages with and without Lupinus; (3) the effects of elevated CO(2) on Lupinus growth and symbiotic N(2) fixation in both monoculture and the nine-species assemblages; and (4) whether assemblages containing Lupinus exhibit larger physiological and growth responses to elevated CO(2 )than those without. This study was part of a long-term grassland field experiment (BioCON) that controls atmospheric CO(2) at current ambient and elevated (560 micromol mol(-1)) concentrations using free-air CO(2) enrichment. Nine-species plots with Lupinus had 32% higher whole plot plant N concentrations and 26% higher total plant N pools than those without Lupinus, based on both above and below ground measurements. Co-occurring non-fixer leaf N concentrations increased 22% and mass-based net photosynthetic rates increased 41% in plots containing Lupinus compared to those without. With CO(2) enrichment, Lupinus monocultures accumulated 32% more biomass and increased the proportion of N derived from fixation from 44% to 57%. In nine-species assemblages, Lupinus N derived from fixation increased similarly from 43% to 54%. Although Lupinus presence enhanced photosynthetic rates and leaf N concentrations of co-occurring non-fixers, and increased overall plant N pools, Lupinus presence did not facilitate stronger photosynthetic responses of non-fixing species or larger growth responses of overall plant communities to elevated CO(2). Non-fixer leaf N concentrations declined similarly in response to elevated CO(2) with and without Lupinus present and the relationship between net photosynthesis and leaf N was not affected by Lupinus presence. Regardless of the presence or absence of Lupinus, CO(2) enrichment resulted in reduced leaf N concentrations and rates of net photosynthesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Legume presence increases photosynthesis and N concentrations of co-occurring non-fixers but does not modulate their responsiveness to carbon dioxide enrichment

2003

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“…Decreased RA could be caused by reduced Rubisco content or by decreased specificity of Rubisco (Aranjuelo et al 2005;Korner 2006;Gutschick 2007). It has been well documented that the availability of mineral nutrients, particularly N, can greatly modify plant growth responses to eCO 2 (Diaz et al 1993;Hebeisen et al 1997;Luo et al 2004;Reich et al 2006). The negative effect of eCO 2 on net photosynthesis in C 4 species at HS, including F v /F m , might also be related to a decreased N concentration, which could result in the impaired synthesis of photosynthetic enzymes and protecting systems; such damage would not be compensated for by decreased photorespiration at eCO 2 , as in C 3 species (Bunce 2000;Aranjuelo et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of plant physiological and growth responses to temperature and elevated CO2

et al. 2011

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Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and global mean temperature are expected to be significantly higher by the end of the 21st century. Elevated CO(2) (eCO(2)) and higher temperature each affect plant physiology and growth, but their interactive effects have not been reviewed statistically with respect to higher chronic mean temperatures and abrupt heat stress. In this meta-analysis, we examined the effect of CO(2) on the physiology and growth of plants subjected to different temperature treatments. The CO(2) treatments were categorized into ambient (<400 ppm) or elevated (>560 ppm) levels, while temperature treatments were categorized into ambient temperature (AT), elevated temperature (ET; AT + 1.4-6°C), or heat stress (HS; AT + >8°C). Plant species were grouped according to photosynthetic pathways (C(3), C(4)), functional types (legumes, non-legumes), growth forms (herbaceous, woody), and economic purposes (crop, non-crop). eCO(2) enhanced net photosynthesis at AT, ET, and HS in C(3) species (especially at the HS level), but in C(4) species, it had no effect at AT, a positive effect at ET, and a negative effect at HS. The positive effect of eCO(2) on net photosynthesis was greater for legumes than for non-legumes at HS, for non-crops than crops at ET, and for woody than herbaceous species at ET and HS. Total (W (T)) and above- (W (AG)) and below-ground (W (BG)) biomass were increased by eCO(2) for most species groups at all temperatures, except for C(4) species and W (BG) of legumes at HS. Hence, eCO(2) × heat effects on growth were often not explained by effects on net photosynthesis. Overall, the results show that eCO(2) effects on plant physiology and growth vary under different temperature regimes, among functional groups and photosynthetic pathways, and among response variables. These findings have important implications for biomass accumulation and ecosystem functioning in the future when the CO(2) level is higher and climate extremes, such as heat waves, become more frequent.

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“…It has been well documented that availability of mineral nutrients, particularly N, can greatly modify growth responses to elevated CO 2 (Diaz et al 1993;Field et al 1992;Hebeisen et al 1997;Korner 2003b;Luo et al 2004;McCarthy et al 2006;Niklaus et al 1998;Oren et al 2001;Rastetter et al 1997;Reich et al 2006;Zanetti et al 1997). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of species richness and elevated carbon dioxide on biomass accumulation: a synthesis using meta-analysis

Wang

2007

Oecologia

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Magnitude of growth enhancement by elevated CO(2) in a plant assemblage is dependent on a number of biotic and abiotic factors, including species richness. In this meta-analysis, we examined effects of elevated CO(2) on plant biomass accumulation in single- (populations) and multi-species (communities) assemblages. The primary objectives were to statistically synthesize the voluminous CO(2) studies conducted so far and to assess the collective response of plant growth to elevated CO(2) as affected by species richness. Our analysis showed that biomass enhancement by higher CO(2) was consistently lower in communities than in populations. For example, total plant biomass (W(T)) increased only 13% in communities compared to 30% in populations in response to elevated CO(2) across all studies included in this synthesis. Above- and below-ground biomass responded similarly as W (T) to elevated CO(2) and species richness. Smaller growth enhancement by CO(2) was found in communities consisting of species of different growth forms (woody vs. herbaceous species) or functional groups (legumes vs. non-legumes). This pattern was consistent across three major classes of facilities (closed, semi-open and open systems) used to manipulate CO(2) concentrations. An analysis of free-air CO(2) enrichment studies revealed that the population-community difference in growth enhancement by higher CO(2) was also dependent on the rate of N addition. Populations responded more than communities only when soil was amended with N. From the CO(2) studies synthesized in this meta-analysis, it is obvious that the collective growth responsiveness to elevated CO(2) will be lower in communities than in populations. We hypothesize that resource usurpation, i.e., competitive compartmentation of growth-limiting resources by less responsive species, may be important in determining growth response to elevated CO(2) in a community and is one of the reasons responsible for the lower biomass enhancement by elevated CO(2) in communities, as found in this synthesis.

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Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen fertilisation on yield of Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

Legume presence increases photosynthesis and N concentrations of co-occurring non-fixers but does not modulate their responsiveness to carbon dioxide enrichment

Legume presence increases photosynthesis and N concentrations of co-occurring non-fixers but does not modulate their responsiveness to carbon dioxide enrichment

A meta-analysis of plant physiological and growth responses to temperature and elevated CO2

Effects of species richness and elevated carbon dioxide on biomass accumulation: a synthesis using meta-analysis

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