Effects of Eleutherococcus Extract Mixture on Endochondral Bone Formation in Rats

Lee, Donghun; Lee, Sung Hyun; Cho, Namhoon; Kim, Young‐Sik; Song, Jungbin; Kim, Ho-Cheol

doi:10.3390/ijms20051253

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Indeed, the administration of EEM markedly increased the intensity of IGF-1 expressions in the proliferative and hypertrophic zones of growth plate. Also, EEM was significantly increased in liver IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 mRNA expressions [39].…”

Section: Eleutherococcus Sessiliflorus and Barley Mixture (Eem)mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Barley has been demonstrated to effectively remove superoxide anion radicals [38]. In vivo experiments have confirmed that EEM, a standardized mixture of these two components, E. sessiliflorus and barley, promotes bone length growth in rats [39]. Briefly, the length of the proximal tibial growth plate was increased by the oral administration of EEM 50 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg for 7 days…”

Section: Eleutherococcus Sessiliflorus and Barley Mixture (Eem)mentioning

confidence: 96%

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The Effects of Natural Product-Derived Extracts for Longitudinal Bone Growth: An Overview of In Vivo Experiments

Lim,

Lee

2023

IJMS

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Approximately 80% of children with short stature are classified as having Idiopathic Short Stature (ISS). While growth hormone (GH) treatment received FDA approval in the United States in 2003, its long-term impact on final height remains debated. Other treatments, like aromatase inhibitors, metformin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), have been explored, but there is no established standard treatment for ISS. In South Korea and other Asian countries, East Asian Traditional Medicine (EATM) is sometimes employed by parents to potentially enhance their children’s height growth, often involving herbal medicines. One such product, Astragalus membranaceus extract mixture HT042, claims to promote height growth in children and has gained approval from the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Research suggests that HT042 supplementation can increase height growth in children without skeletal maturation, possibly by elevating serum IGF-1 and IGF-binding protein-3 levels. Preclinical studies also indicate the potential benefits of natural products, including of EATM therapies for ISS. The purpose of this review is to offer an overview of bone growth factors related to ISS and to investigate the potential of natural products, including herbal preparations, as alternative treatments for managing ISS symptoms, based on their known efficacy in in vivo studies.

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Section: Eleutherococcus Sessiliflorus and Barley Mixture (Eem)mentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Eleutherococcus Sessiliflorus and Barley Mixture (Eem)mentioning

confidence: 96%

The Effects of Natural Product-Derived Extracts for Longitudinal Bone Growth: An Overview of In Vivo Experiments

Lim,

Lee

2023

IJMS

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“…In previous studies involving adolescent rats, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg of herbal compounds and 100 and 500 mg/kg of herbs significantly increased longitudinal bone growth, while 30 mg/kg of herbs did not significantly enhance bone growth compared with the control group [4][5][6][7][32][33][34]. Amounts of 100 and 200 mg/kg of A. macrostemon had an antidepressant effect, while 400 mg/kg of A. macrostemon showed no effect in mice [35].…”

Section: Weight and Feed Intake Check A Macrostemon Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Bone Growth Stimulating Effect of Allium macrostemon in Adolescent Female Rats

Kim

Lee

et al. 2020

Molecules

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Allium macrostemon (AM) may affect bone growth by regulating bone formation and resorption. To examine the effect of AM on bone growth, 48 rats were divided into four administration groups in which either distilled water, AM (100 and 300 mg/kg), or recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH; 20 μg/kg) was administered for 10 days. On day 9, all animals were intraperitoneally injected with tetracycline hydrochloride (20 mg/kg), and 48 h after the injection, the rats were sacrificed. Their tibial sections were photographed to measure bone growth. Antigen-specific immunohistochemistry was performed to detect insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). The food intake of the AM 100 mg/kg group was higher; however, the food intake of the AM 300 mg/kg group was less than that of the control group. The rhGH and AM 100 mg/kg groups showed greater rates of bone growth (359.0 ± 23.7 and 373.1 ± 28.0 μm/day, respectively) compared with the control group. IGF-1 and BMP-2 in the AM and rhGH groups were highly expressed. Indigestion at higher doses of AM led to nonsignificant bone growth in spite of increased IGF-1 and BMP-2 expression. Therefore, a suitable amount of AM could increase bone growth.

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“…Studies have shown that IGFBP3 can be used as a therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma metastasis to the brain [ 17 ]. Increasing expression of IGFBP3 could promote the formation of endothelial bone in rats fed with eleutherococcus extract mixture (EEM) [ 18 ]. The enhanced transcription of IGFBP3 accumulates the abundance of IGF1 , which affects the growth and metabolism of mice [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MiR-22-3p Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Differentiation of Skeletal Muscle Cells by Targeting IGFBP3 in Hu Sheep

Wang

Cao

et al. 2022

Animals

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The growth and development of skeletal muscle require a series of regulatory factors. MiRNA is a non-coding RNA with a length of about 22 nt, which can inhibit the expression of mRNA and plays an important role in the growth and development of muscle cells. The role of miR-22-3p in C2C12 cells and porcine skeletal muscle has been reported, but it has not been verified in Hu sheep skeletal muscle. Through qPCR, CCK-8, EdU and cell cycle studies, we found that overexpression of miR-22-3p inhibited proliferation of skeletal muscle cells (p < 0.01). The results of qPCR and immunofluorescence showed that overexpression of miR-22-3p promoted differentiation of skeletal muscle cells (p < 0.01), while the results of inhibiting the expression of miR-22-3p were the opposite. These results suggested that miR-22-3p functions in growth and development of sheep skeletal muscle cells. Bioinformatic analysis with mirDIP, miRTargets, and RNAhybrid software suggested IGFBP3 was the target of miR-22-3p, which was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter system assay. IGFBP3 is highly expressed in sheep skeletal muscle cells. Overexpression of IGFBP3 was found to promote proliferation of skeletal muscle cells indicated by qPCR, CCK-8, EdU, and cell cycle studies (p < 0.01). The results of qPCR and immunofluorescence experiments proved that overexpression of IGFBP3 inhibited differentiation of skeletal muscle cells (p < 0.01), while the results of interfering IGFBP3 with siRNA were the opposite. These results indicate that miR-22-3p is involved in proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells by targeting IGFBP3.

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Effects of Eleutherococcus Extract Mixture on Endochondral Bone Formation in Rats

Cited by 4 publications

References 68 publications

The Effects of Natural Product-Derived Extracts for Longitudinal Bone Growth: An Overview of In Vivo Experiments

The Effects of Natural Product-Derived Extracts for Longitudinal Bone Growth: An Overview of In Vivo Experiments

Longitudinal Bone Growth Stimulating Effect of Allium macrostemon in Adolescent Female Rats

MiR-22-3p Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Differentiation of Skeletal Muscle Cells by Targeting IGFBP3 in Hu Sheep

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