Effects of Electronic Cigarette Liquid Nicotine Concentration on Plasma Nicotine and Puff Topography in Tobacco Cigarette Smokers: A Preliminary Report

Lopez, Alexa A.; Hiler, Marzena; Soule, Eric K.; Ramôa, Carolina; Karaoghlanian, Nareg; Lipato, Thokozeni; Breland, Alison; Shihadeh, Alan; Eissenberg, Thomas

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv182

Cited by 125 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…8 E-cigarettes are available with a wide variety of nicotine concentrations, ranging from 0 mg/mL (i.e., no nicotine) to over 25 mg/mL, 9 and use of e-cigarettes with higher nicotine concentrations has been shown to increase nicotine delivery to the blood stream and enhance the rewarding effects of vaping. 10, 11 Accordingly, adolescents who use e-cigarettes with higher levels of nicotine may be at greater risk of developing a tolerance to and dependence on nicotine, which could contribute to both the persistence and progression of vaping as well as use of combustible tobacco products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Electronic Cigarette Nicotine Concentration With Subsequent Cigarette Smoking and Vaping Levels in Adolescents

et al. 2017

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Importance-Research indicates that e-cigarette use (vaping) among adolescents is associated with the initiation and progression of combustible cigarette smoking, yet the reasons for this association are unknown.Objective-To evaluate whether use of e-cigarettes with higher nicotine concentrations is associated with subsequent increases in the frequency and intensity of combustible cigarette smoking and vaping.Design/Setting/Participants-Prospective school-based cohort; surveys were administered in Spring (baseline, 10 th grade) and Fall (6-month follow-up, 11 th grade) 2015 among past 30-day vapers with available nicotine concentration data (N=181) from 10 high schools in the Los Angeles, CA metropolitan area. Exposure-Self-report of baseline e-cigarette nicotine concentration (i.e., none [0 mg/mL], low [1-5 mg/mL], medium [6-17 mg/mL] or high [18 mg/mL or greater]) typically used during the past 30-days. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)-Frequency of past 30-day combustible cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use (0 days [none], 1-2 days [infrequent], ≥ 3 days [frequent]) and daily smoking and vaping intensity (number of cigarettes smoked per day, number of vaping episodes per day and number of puffs per vaping episode) at 6-month follow-up.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Electronic Cigarette Nicotine Concentration With Subsequent Cigarette Smoking and Vaping Levels in Adolescents

et al. 2017

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“…Azzopardi et al 25 and Adamson et al 7,28 showed how deposited mass and nicotine quantification at the cellular exposure interface enable appropriate extrapolation and comparisons in an aerosol matrix. Different types of e-cigarettes and e-liquids generate different volumes of aerosol and deliver different amounts of nicotine, however typically smokers who switch from cigarette to nicotine delivery devices adapt their behavior to potentially titrate for nicotine 18,19 . With this being considered, Shen et al reported that primary airway cells exposed to whole e-cigarette aerosol generated at ISO smoking regimen had a lesser impact on differential gene expression than combustible cigarette 6 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, dose matching between combustible cigarette and e-cigarettes can be conducted based on deposited mass or puff numbers. This, however, does not account for the reported change in smoking behavior to titrate for serum nicotine when subjects switch products 18,19 . Therefore, a sensible approach would be to conduct comparative product assessment using an intense smoking regimen that delivers a similar nicotine dose range across the tested products.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Reduced biological effect of e-cigarette aerosol compared to cigarette smoke evaluated in vitro using normalized nicotine dose and RNA-seq-based toxicogenomics

et al. 2017

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“…Nicotine uptake through e-cigarette use depends on the nicotine concentration (mg/ml) of the e-liquid being consumed, the design of the device, the user's puffing behavior, and the user's experience with the product [31][32][33][34]. This section of the report speculates that highperformance e-cigarettes may promote higher absorption of nicotine than tobacco cigarettes.…”

Section: Effects Of Nicotine Inhalation By the E-cigarette Usermentioning

confidence: 99%

A critique of the US Surgeon General’s conclusions regarding e-cigarette use among youth and young adults in the United States of America

Polosa

Russell²,

Nitzkin³

et al. 2017

Harm Reduct J

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Background: In December 2016, the Surgeon General published a report that concluded e-cigarette use among youth and young adults is becoming a major public health concern in the United States of America. Methods: Re-analysis of key data sources on nicotine toxicity and prevalence of youth use of e-cigarettes cited in the Surgeon General report as the basis for its conclusions. Results: Multiple years of nationally representative surveys indicate the majority of e-cigarette use among US youth is either infrequent or experimental, and negligible among never-smoking youth. The majority of the very small proportion of US youth who use e-cigarettes on a regular basis, consume nicotine-free products. The sharpest declines in US youth smoking rates have occurred as e-cigarettes have become increasingly available. Most of the evidence presented in the Surgeon General's discussion of nicotine harm is not applicable to e-cigarette use, because it relies almost exclusively on exposure to nicotine in the cigarette smoke and not to nicotine present in ecigarette aerosol emissions. Moreover, the referenced literature describes effects in adults, not youth, and in animal models that have little relevance to real-world e-cigarette use by youth. The Surgeon General's report is an excellent reference document for the adverse outcomes due to nicotine in combination with several other toxicants present in tobacco smoke, but fails to address the risks of nicotine decoupled from tobacco smoke constituents. The report exaggerates the toxicity of propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG) by focusing on experimental conditions that do not reflect use in the real-world and provides little discussion of emerging evidence that e-cigarettes may significantly reduce harm to smokers who have completely switched. Conclusions: The U.S. Surgeon General's claim that e-cigarette use among U.S. youth and young adults is an emerging public health concern does not appear to be supported by the best available evidence on the health risks of nicotine use and population survey data on prevalence of frequent e-cigarette use. Nonetheless, patterns of e-cigarettes use in youth must be constantly monitored for early detection of significant changes. The next US Surgeon General should consider the possibility that future generations of young Americans will be less likely to start smoking tobacco because of, not in spite of, the availability of e-cigarettes.

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Effects of Electronic Cigarette Liquid Nicotine Concentration on Plasma Nicotine and Puff Topography in Tobacco Cigarette Smokers: A Preliminary Report

Cited by 125 publications

References 13 publications

Associations of Electronic Cigarette Nicotine Concentration With Subsequent Cigarette Smoking and Vaping Levels in Adolescents

Associations of Electronic Cigarette Nicotine Concentration With Subsequent Cigarette Smoking and Vaping Levels in Adolescents

Reduced biological effect of e-cigarette aerosol compared to cigarette smoke evaluated in vitro using normalized nicotine dose and RNA-seq-based toxicogenomics

A critique of the US Surgeon General’s conclusions regarding e-cigarette use among youth and young adults in the United States of America

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