Effects of electrical stimulation of efferent olivocochlear neurons on cat auditory-nerve fibers. I. Rate-level functions

Guinan, John J.; Gifford, Margaret L.

doi:10.1016/0378-5955(88)90023-8

Cited by 123 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…(e.g., Guinan and Gifford 1988), and a recent effort to electrically stimulate LOC neurons via electrodes placed into the inferior colliculus or LSO yielded mixed results (Groff and Liberman 2003) with some stimulation sites producing fast MOC-like effects and others producing putative LOC effects that included site-dependent slow suppression or enhancement of CAP amplitude.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of Lateral Olivocochlear Neurons via a Dopaminergic Neurotoxin Depresses Sound-Evoked Auditory Nerve Activity

Prell

Hälsey

Hughes

et al. 2005

JARO

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We applied the dopaminergic (DA) neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to the guinea pig cochlear perilymph. Immunolabeling of lateral olivocochlear (LOC) neurons using antibodies against synaptophysin was reduced after the MPTP treatment. In contrast, labeling of the medial olivocochlear innervation remained intact. As after brainstem lesions of the lateral superior olive (LSO), the site of origin of the LOC neurons, the main effect of disrupting LOC innervation of the cochlea via MPTP was a depression of the amplitude of the compound action potential (CAP). CAP amplitude depression was similar to that produced by LSO lesions. Latency of the N1 component of the CAP, and distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitude and adaptation were unchanged by the MPTP treatment. This technique for selectively lesioning descending LOC efferents provides a new opportunity for examining LOC modulation of afferent activity and behavioral measures of perception.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of Lateral Olivocochlear Neurons via a Dopaminergic Neurotoxin Depresses Sound-Evoked Auditory Nerve Activity

Prell

Hälsey

Hughes

et al. 2005

JARO

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“…This peak in the strength of MOC effect for frequencies represented at about the center of the cochlea is also found in other species. In cat, guinea pig and mouse, most MOC effects on both CAPs and auditory-nerve fibers, and also the anatomical distribution of MOC fibers, display a single broad peak in the mid-frequencies; at 4-10 kHz in cat (Liberman et al 1990;Guinan and Gifford 1988a), at 7-10 kHz in guinea pig (Teas et al 1972), and at about 10 kHz in mouse (Maison et al 2003). However, our finding of another smaller peak of CAP efferent inhibition for frequencies around 8 kHz was unexpected (discussed in next section).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Electrical Stimulation of Olivocochlear Fibers in Cochlear Potentials in the Chinchilla

Elgueda

Délano

Robles

2011

JARO

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The mammalian cochlea has two types of sensory cells; inner hair cells, which receive auditory-nerve afferent innervation, and outer hair cells, innervated by efferent axons of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) system. The role of the MOC system in hearing is still controversial. Recently, by recording cochlear potentials in behaving chinchillas, we suggested that one of the possible functions of the efferent system is to reduce cochlear sensitivity during attention to other sensory modalities (Delano et al. in J Neurosci 27:4146-4153, 2007). However, in spite of these compelling results, the physiological effects of electrical MOC activation on cochlear potentials have not been described in detail in chinchillas. The main objective of the present work was to describe these efferent effects in the chinchilla, comparing them with those in other species and in behavioral experiments. We activated the MOC efferent axons in chinchillas with sectioned middle-ear muscles by applying current pulses at the fourth-ventricle floor. Auditory-nerve compound action potentials (CAP) and cochlear microphonics (CM) were acquired in response to clicks and tones of several frequencies, using a round-window electrode. Electrical efferent stimulation produced CAP amplitude suppressions reaching up to 11 dB. They were higher for low to moderate sound levels. Additionally, CM amplitude increments were found, the largest (≤ 2.5 dB) for low intensity tones. CAP suppression was present at all stimulus frequencies, but was greatest for 2 kHz. CM increments were highest for low-frequency tones, and almost absent at high frequencies. We conclude that the effect obtained in chinchilla is similar to but smaller than that observed in cats, and that the effects seen in awake chinchillas, albeit different in magnitude, are consistent with the activation of efferent fibers.

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“…The MOC pathways exert a strong modulatory influence on the auditory nerve responses of domestic cats (Guinan and Gifford 1988;Wiederhold and Kiang 1970). Descending control is particularly powerful at mid frequencies where the cochlea receives dense efferent innervation (Liberman et al 1990).…”

Section: Efferent Control and Noise Cancellationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Signal Level and Background Noise on Spectral Representations in the Auditory Nerve of the Domestic Cat

Reiss

Ramachandran

May

2010

JARO

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Background noise poses a significant obstacle for auditory perception, especially among individuals with hearing loss. To better understand the physiological basis of this perceptual impediment, the present study evaluated the effects of background noise on the auditory nerve representation of headrelated transfer functions (HRTFs). These complex spectral shapes describe the directional filtering effects of the head and torso. When a broadband sound passes through the outer ear en route to the tympanic membrane, the HRTF alters its spectrum in a manner that establishes the perceived location of the sound source. HRTF-shaped noise shares many of the acoustic features of human speech, while communicating biologically relevant localization cues that are generalized across mammalian species. Previous studies have used parametric manipulations of random spectral shapes to elucidate HRTF coding principles at various stages of the cat's auditory system. This study extended that body of work by examining the effects of sound level and background noise on the quality of spectral coding in the auditory nerve. When fibers were classified by their spontaneous rates, the coding properties of the more numerous low-threshold, high-spontaneous rate fibers were found to degrade at high presentation levels and in low signal-to-noise ratios. Because cats are known to maintain accurate directional

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Effects of electrical stimulation of efferent olivocochlear neurons on cat auditory-nerve fibers. I. Rate-level functions

Cited by 123 publications

References 29 publications

Disruption of Lateral Olivocochlear Neurons via a Dopaminergic Neurotoxin Depresses Sound-Evoked Auditory Nerve Activity

Disruption of Lateral Olivocochlear Neurons via a Dopaminergic Neurotoxin Depresses Sound-Evoked Auditory Nerve Activity

Effects of Electrical Stimulation of Olivocochlear Fibers in Cochlear Potentials in the Chinchilla

Effects of Signal Level and Background Noise on Spectral Representations in the Auditory Nerve of the Domestic Cat

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