Effects of eicosapentaenoic and gamma-linolenic acid on lung permeability and alveolar macrophage eicosanoid synthesis in endotoxic rats

Abstract

The severity of pulmonary microvascular protein permeability and the degree of hypotension were reduced with fish or fish and borage oil diets, as compared with corn oil, in endotoxic rats. The reduced synthesis of the proinflammatory arachidonic acid-derived mediators, leukotriene B4, thromboxane B2, and prostaglandin E2 from stimulated alveolar macrophages was indicative of a decrease in arachidonic acid and an increase in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in cell membrane phospholipids.

Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate Lung Inflammatory Response Induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Mice

“…In PA-induced acute lung injury as in our study, alveolar capillary permeability is increased on both epithelial and endothelial barriers (23,24). Using different fat blends, Mancuso et al (9) studied the influence of PUFAs on alveolar capillary permeability in a Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin model. In this study, alveolar protein permeability increased and hypotension was reduced with PUFA fat blends that contained more omega 3 fatty acids.…”

“…EPA can be converted to the 3-series prostaglandins and 5-series leukotrienes (6); these mediators are considered less biologically active and less inflammatory than the arachidonic acid (AA)-derived 2-series prostaglandins and 4-series leukotrienes (7,8). Lung functional consequences of PUFA supplementation have also been studied omega 3 fatty acid can reduce both lung membrane injury (9) and lung edema accumulation (10 -12). As a consequence, an improvement of the survival rate has also been shown after infection caused by different microorganisms (13)(14)(15).…”

Rationale and use of n-3 fatty acids in artificial nutrition

“…Thus, using fish oil to partly replace soyabean oil in parenteral nutrition offers the possibility to both decrease the amount of linoleic acid present and increase the amount of biologically active n-3 PUFA. Animal feeding studies have demonstrated that fish oil decreases the production of inflammatory eicosanoids and cytokines in endotoxaemia (42)(43)(44) or sepsis (45)(46)(47) and that this is associated with a decreased metabolic response (48)(49)(50)(51) , improved organ function (43,(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57) and improved survival (45)(46)(47)(58)(59)(60) .…”

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve host response in chronicPseudomonas aeruginosalung infection in mice

“…This work suggests that a better control of the -6/-3 PUFA balance may represent an interesting target in the prevention and/or control of P. aeruginosa infection in patients. alveolar liquid clearance DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION with fish oil, a source of highly polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, has been demonstrated to exert beneficial effects in a number of diseases (26,30,39). Among the fatty acids, the omega-3 (-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) possess the most potent immunomodulatory activities (4).…”