Effects of ECS following one-trial discriminated avoidance conditioning

Suboski, Milton D.; Spevack, Abraham A.; Litner, Joseph; Beaumaster, Eugene

doi:10.1016/0028-3932(69)90046-3

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Many interpretations have been offered to explain the disruptive effects of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on acquired habits, e.g., fear (Coons & Miller, 1960), conditioned inhibition (Adams & Lewis, 1962), and disruption of the incubation of a conditioned emotional response (Suboski, Spevack, Litner, & Beaumaster, 1969). However, most of the evidence strongly suggests that ECS administered to subjects shortly after training results in an impaired memory for events just preceding the ECS.…”

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confidence: 99%

ECS effects: Evidence supporting state-dependent learning in rats.

DeVietti¹,

Larson²

1971

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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Two experiments were conducted to test specific predictions of the statedependency hypothesis concerning the effects of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on learning. Rats received a single fear-conditioning trial followed 24 hr. later by one of the following treatments: noncontingent footshock (NCFS), NCFS and ECS, or just ECS. Modification of fear conditioning by the various treatments was assessed by a drink-latency measure 24 and 96 hr. posttreatment. Experiment 1 demonstrated "amnesia" during the 24-hr, test and recovery of memory during the 96-hr, test by NCFS-ECS subjects. Experiment 2 showed that extinction training presented 24 hr. after NCFS-ECS treatment was not retained when testing occurred 96 hr. after this treatment. Results of both experiments clearly indicated that the combination of footshock and ECS can produce state-dependent learning. These data indicate that experiments that have used procedures involving footshock followed closely by ECS to demonstrate the disruption of memory formation as a consequence of ECS are also subject to a state-dependency interpretation.

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confidence: 99%

ECS effects: Evidence supporting state-dependent learning in rats.

DeVietti¹,

Larson²

1971

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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“…The present experiment was designed to do so by the use of bolus counts. SUBJECTS The Ss, as in Suboski et al's (1969b) experiments, were male Long-Evans rats obtained from the Canadian Breeding Laboratories at 85-100 days of age. The rats were individually housed and allowed free access to Purina Lab Chow and water in their horne cages.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…. APPARATUS The same apparatus as described by Suboski et al (1969b) was used in this experiment. An unpainted open field in the shape of a right-angled triangle, with two of the 18-in.-high plywood sides 22 in.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The ECS in this experiment was delivered by an apparatus which generated 42 mA at 1,200 V ac for 0.5 sec. PROCEDURE Suboski et al's (1969b) pretraining procedure, consisting of four altemated free-and forced-choice trials, was used in the experiment. On each of the pretraining trials, given one per day, each of the 120 Ss was placed behind a Plexiglas panel held ac ross the right angle of the large chamber.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…As previously stressed (Spevack & Suboski, 1967, however, a valid test of the effect of ECS on memory can best be made by an examination of discrimination performance. This study was designed to test the hypo thesis that the effect of ECS on discrimination performance d e monstrated in previous studies (Suboski et al, 1969b) could be attributed to transitory effects on performance rather than to interference with memory. Although the data from the 24-h posttreatment test, as in Suboski et al's (1969b) study, showed an apparent Psychon.…”

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The permanence of ECS effects in a one-trial discriminated avoidance paradigm

Spevackt

1972

Psychon Sci

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Postleaming tests were conducted on the 1st or 30th and 31st days after a single discriminated avoidance trial. Although significant effects on choice latency produced by ECS were not observed on the day after training, statistically reliable ECS-produced reductions in choice latency were apparent on the 30th and 31st days after learning. No statistically significant effects of ECS on discrimination or defecation rates were observed on any postleaming test. In marked contrast to data produced by passive avoidance experiments (e.g., Spevack, Rabedeau, & Spevack, 1967), recent research has indicated that the effect of ECS on both discrimination and latency measures of a one-trial discriminated avoidance task is constant for a variety of leaming-ECS intervals between 100 sec and 20 h long (Suboski, Spevack, Litner, & Beaumaster, 1969b). The authors concJuded on the basis of these and subsequent data (Suboski, Black, Litner, Grenner, & Spevack, 1969a) that ECS effectively interferes with memory consolidation only if the convulsion follows learning within 30 sec. The constant ECS effects they observed for longer leaming-ECS intervals they attributed to ECS effects other than those on memory. One such frequently reported result of ECS (e.g., Brengelmann, 1959) is a temporary deficit in the performance of well-leamed tasks produced by aseries of postleaming convulsions. A notable characteristic of this ECS-produced performance decrement is that it slowly dissipates with time, indicating that it is not due to a disruption of memory storage processes. Such an ECS effect may weil account for Suboski et al's atypical results. To test this possibility, the present study, unlike previous attempts to assess the permanence of ECS effects (e.g.,

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Electroconvulsive Shock

Gibbs¹,

Mark²

1973

Inhibition of Memory Formation

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Effects of ECS following one-trial discriminated avoidance conditioning

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

ECS effects: Evidence supporting state-dependent learning in rats.

ECS effects: Evidence supporting state-dependent learning in rats.

The permanence of ECS effects in a one-trial discriminated avoidance paradigm

Electroconvulsive Shock

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