ANY COUNTRIES ROUTINELY use science and technology (S&T) indicators to monitor and evaluate the performance of research organisations and to improve policy decisions. Caloghirou and Zambarloukos (2000) point out that in Greece there is insufficient evaluation of proposals submitted to competitive research programmes and even less assessment of the progress of funded projects. Moreover, apart from two papers (Tsipouri, 1991;Zachos, 1991) there is no evidence that S&T indicators are providing the type of information that would be useful to Greek policy makers.This paper seeks to provide such information. It focuses on biotechnology because, during the past two decades, this has been regarded as one of the three top priority areas for science and technology development in Greece. It uses bibliometric analysis to evaluate how far Greek national policy for biotechnology is meeting its objectives.By setting such analysis in the context of relevant characteristics of the Greek economy and describing the policies involved, it is possible to identify some of the factors explaining the gap between policy intentions and their realisation. 1 Greece is a less developed country with an intermediate economy; the problems encountered by its policies for an emerging field, biotechnology, may have lessons for the design of policy for emerging technologies in similar countries.The first part of the paper describes the nature of the Greek economy and the policies developed to respond to the opportunities offered by biotechnology. The second part describes the methods used to evaluate the impact of policy and the third part presents the results. Explanations for these results are discussed in the conclusions. M