Effects of early health-insurance programs on European mortality and fertility trends

Winegarden, C. R.; Murray, John E.

doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00403-9

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Even with a constant overall health budget and no efficiency gains, one would probably expect the macro-level effect on aggregate mortality rates of extending insurance coverage to the previously uninsured to be beneficial -simply because the health benefits to the previously uninsured are substantively so strong as to more than compensate any adverse effects on the already insured. Existing studies thus not surprisingly find a negative effect of insurance coverage rates on mortality (Berger and Messer 2002;McWilliams et al 2004;Winegarden and Murray 2004;Arah et al 2005).…”

Section: Fair and Equitable Health Systems And Their Mortality Effectsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Health Spending, Out‐of‐pocket Contributions, and Mortality Rates

Plümper

Neumayer

2012

Public Administration

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Health policies seek to achieve conflicting objectives. We argue that the objective of saving lives is best served by a careful balancing of fairness and efficiency considerations. Open, fair, and equitable access to health care for all citizens will lower overall mortality rates by enabling the very poor and chronically ill to satisfy their demand for necessary health care. But it will also result in higher costs, not least by also increasing demand for irrelevant, unnecessary, and inefficient health care. This undesirable demand and its associated costs can be reduced by increasing out-of-pocket contributions paid for by patients. Such payments are unpopular, though, as they are regarded as regressive and damaging to health of the relatively poor. We argue that properly enacted, no such apparent trade-offs exist. If the freed-up resources are used for more life-saving measures, then higher out-of-pocket contributions will lower overall mortality rates. However, this beneficial effect is conditional on what happens to total health spending. Ironically, out-of-pocket payments are most effective as health policies if they are not or only hardly used as a means of reducing total health expenditures. Our theoretical arguments are confirmed by an econometric analysis of aggregate mortality rates in OECD countries over the period 1984 to 2007.

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Section: Fair and Equitable Health Systems And Their Mortality Effectsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Health Spending, Out‐of‐pocket Contributions, and Mortality Rates

Plümper

Neumayer

2012

Public Administration

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“…1960 1963 1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 Total fertility rate in China from 1960-2017 Urbanization improved living conditions, leading to a decline in infant and child mortality [11]. The drop in infant mortality led to the reduction in replacement fertility [13], the adapted fertility behavior [14], and the increased incentive for investments in each child [10]. Meanwhile, new technologies rapidly emerged with industrialization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Fertility Intentions for a Second Child in Contemporary China Based on User-Generated Content

Qian

Fang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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China’s two-child policy, aimed at boosting the country’s total fertility rate, has failed to achieve the desired outcomes. Previous studies on low fertility rates mainly used data obtained from demographic censuses, questionnaires, or interviews. These data-gathering methods are costly, entailing time delays and yielding limited information. User-generated content (UGC) provides an alternative data source. We propose a machine–human hybrid approach using UGC obtained from social media to assess users’ intentions to have a second child. Our results showed that couples associate a second child with high economic costs mainly through negative impacts on the mothers’ careers, with no concomitant economic benefits. A key motivation for having two children relates to the mental benefit of the joy in having children. However, raising a second child also entails considerable mental costs such as exhaustion and pressure. Couples largely seek help within their extended families, that is, their parents are major sources of child-rearing support. Therefore, the government should devise ways of reducing the negative impacts of having a second child on a woman’s career and provide child-rearing support to help increase the fertility rate. Our proposed approach can also be used to elicit the reasons for low fertility rates in other countries.

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“…C. R. Weingarden andJohn Murray (2004: 1825-36) argue that ''the origin of national health-insurance programs that now cover virtually the entire population of the industrialized world . .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Friendly Society to Compulsory Medical Aid Association: The History of Medical Aid Provision in South Africa's Public Sector, 1905-1970

Verhoef¹

2006

Social Science History

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Effects of early health-insurance programs on European mortality and fertility trends

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Health Spending, Out‐of‐pocket Contributions, and Mortality Rates

Health Spending, Out‐of‐pocket Contributions, and Mortality Rates

Investigating Fertility Intentions for a Second Child in Contemporary China Based on User-Generated Content

From Friendly Society to Compulsory Medical Aid Association: The History of Medical Aid Provision in South Africa's Public Sector, 1905-1970

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