Effects of Dutch livestock production on human health and the environment

Risk Preference, Health Risk Perception, and Environmental Exposure Nexus: Evidence from Rural Women as Pig Breeders, China

“…In developing countries, the undisposed harmlessly livestock and poultry manure (LPM) generally contributes to a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions such as CH 4 and N 2 O (Adegbeye et al, 2019;Post et al, 2020), sewage embodying urine and flushing water (Herrero et al, 2015;Leip et al, 2015), coupled with bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella (Więckol-Ryk et al, 2020), and viruses like African swine fever and pandemic influenza (Jurado et al, 2018) and eventually poses a severe threat to human health especially in rural areas (Sun et al, 2015). It is estimated that China's LPM production was around 4 billion tons in 2020.…”

Characterizing effects of livestock farming on human health and the environment

“…The PAFs are in the same order of magnitude as what could be inferred from the odds ratios for asthma and COPD in relation to persons living within 500 m of a livestock farm from the study by (Smit et al, 2014). The PAFs that can be calculated from these odds ratios are about -0.053 for COPD and -0.016 for asthma (based on exposure of the entire Dutch population), with a factor 10 uncertainty around these estimates, depending on the assumptions (Post et al, 2020). Some PAFs appeared to deviate from zero, even though the corresponding null-exposure variables did not show significant associations in meta-analyses.…”

“…The selected indicators that were scored by experts in part two of the form, are presented in Table 1. The indicators reflect impact categories distinguished in Post et al (2020), but are defined differently because the scores in part two of the webform focus on farm-level changes, whereas in Post et al (2020) effects were assessed on a national level. The indicators should be unspecific enough to not require too much detail about expected changes for scoring by experts, specific enough for a meaningful assessment of selected themes and balanced between proximity to endpoints (e.g.…”

“…Livestock production affects human health and ecosystems through the emissions of bioaerosols, greenhouse gasses, ammonia, and several other compounds, through the spread of infectious diseases, through high global land use, and through several other impacts (Herrero et al, 2015;Post et al, 2020;Smit and Heederik, 2017;Steinfeld et al, 2006) Human health receives little attention in the Dutch vision, while changes in health impacts are likely to occur when shifting to a circular food system, particularly for the livestock sector. Living in livestock farms' vicinity is associated with several types of adverse and beneficial human health effects Post et al, 2020;Smit and Heederik, 2017). Moreover, historical and recent examples of changes in animal production systems have shown unintended adverse impacts.…”

“…Although there are examples of potentially adverse effects in a transition towards a circular livestock system, information about such effects and the factors causing them is fragmented. We previously brought together such fragmented information for 17 different human health and environmental impacts, ranging from infectious disease impacts and odor annoyance to eutrophication and greenhouse gas emissions (Post et al, 2020). The data underlying that work originated from diverse sources, which are not always suitable to predict how impacts may change when changes in livestock practices occur.…”