Effects of Durum Wheat Dietary Selenium on Glutathione Peroxidase Activity and Se Content in Long-Term-Fed Rats

Ciappellano, Salvatore; Testolin, G.; Porrini, Marisa

doi:10.1159/000177517

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In vegetables, selenium is present principally as selenomethionine and, when methionine levels are adequate, this form, like selenite, enters the same met abolic pool in the body [17,18]. Our pre vious experiments [13,19] have shown that both sodium selenite and naturally occur ring Se in wheat have almost equal potency in restoring GSHPx in blood and tissues in Se-deficient rats. Results obtained in this trial show that, at 60 days, only in rats fed dough do the selenium levels in blood differ significantly from the groups fed other diets; at 120 days, groups 1-4, fed different but high Se diets, show no difference because retention or excretion mechanisms inter vene, probably to maintain optimal blood Se levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Availability of Selenium in Dough and Biscuit in Comparison to Wheat Meal

et al. 1990

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We studied the availability of selenium in processed foods and whole wheat diets for restoring the Se content and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity in the blood and liver of selenium-depleted rats. The Se content in the rat diets ranged from 225 to 342 µg Se/kg diet. Different selenium sources and different Se amounts had little influence on the Se levels in the blood and liver of repleted rats. Se from processed foods did not completely restore the GSHPx activity in whole blood and liver as happened with Se coming from wheat. These results indicate that it is the milling processes of the flour production, and not the cooking, which decrease the availability of Se for GSHPx synthesis in rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Availability of Selenium in Dough and Biscuit in Comparison to Wheat Meal

et al. 1990

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“…To our knowledge, no study has investigated the association between selenium concentration and GPX activity in human prostate tissue, a potentially important target tissue for a chemopreventive effect of selenium. Animal studies have found positive correlations between prostate tissue selenium concentration and GPX activity (r ¼ 0.30-0.96) [24,25] in various tissues (prostate tissue was not investigated). However, it should be pointed out that these studies included a wide range of selenium concentration starting with very low selenium concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity in serum and human prostate tissue

Takata¹,

Morris²,

King³

et al. 2009

The Prostate

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Background Low serum selenium concentration has been associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. A possible mechanism is through the antioxidant activity of selenoenzymes. However, the effect of selenium intake on selenoenzymes at target tissues is not well established. Hence, we investigated the correlation between serum and prostate tissue selenium concentrations and prostate tissue activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), a major selenoenzyme with antioxidant properties. Methods In an ongoing study investigating gene expression in prostate tissue, we measured serum selenium concentration in 98 men using atomic absorption spectrometry. Of these men, we selected 12 men with the highest and 12 men with the lowest serum selenium concentrations and measured selenium concentration and GPX activity in fresh frozen prostate tissue using the cyclic neutron activation analysis and a direct spectrophotometric procedure, respectively. Results The mean serum selenium concentrations among low and high selenium groups were 123.7 ± 5.9 μg/l and 196.7 ± 16.6 μg/l (p <.0001), respectively. The corresponding mean prostate tissue selenium concentrations were 1.39 ± 0.28 μg/g and 1.65 ± 0.42 μg/g (p = 0.08), resulting in a positive correlation between serum and prostate tissue selenium concentrations (r = 0.56, p = 0.02). The mean prostate tissue GPX activity was non-significantly greater in the low serum selenium group (32.2 ± 8.4 U/g protein) than in the high serum selenium group (29.6 ± 5.9 U/g protein) (p = 0.39) and it was not correlated with serum or prostate tissue selenium concentrations (r = −0.22, p = 0.37 for serum and r = −0.33, p = 0.18 for prostate tissue). Conclusion Serum and prostate tissue selenium concentrations were moderately correlated. In this population with relatively high selenium concentration, neither prostate tissue nor serum selenium concentrations were associated with prostate tissue GPX activity.

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“…Glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase cofactor; antioxidant (46,93,753) ; constituent of selenoproteins (754) ; tumour growth (46,110,754,755) ; prostate and colon cancer (cited in Reeves et al (633) ); susceptibility to carcinogens (756,757) ; apoptotic effects (758) ; anti-carcinogenic (759) ; cell membranes and oxidation damage (760) ; anti-infective (761,762) ; plasma, liver and erythrocyte GSH peroxidase activity (763) ; insulin resistance and vascular endothelium (764,765) ; platelet aggregation (753) P (204,603,766) : Kidney health (766,767) ; colorectal adenoma (768) ; tooth development (769) Ca (204,603) :…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre?

2010

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Epidemiological studies have clearly shown that whole-grain cereals can protect against obesity, diabetes, CVD and cancers. The specific effects of food structure (increased satiety, reduced transit time and glycaemic response), fibre (improved faecal bulking and satiety, viscosity and SCFA production, and/or reduced glycaemic response) and Mg (better glycaemic homeostasis through increased insulin secretion), together with the antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties of numerous bioactive compounds, especially those in the bran and germ (minerals, trace elements, vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols and alkylresorcinols), are today well-recognised mechanisms in this protection. Recent findings, the exhaustive listing of bioactive compounds found in whole-grain wheat, their content in whole-grain, bran and germ fractions and their estimated bioavailability, have led to new hypotheses. The involvement of polyphenols in cell signalling and gene regulation, and of sulfur compounds, lignin and phytic acid should be considered in antioxidant protection. Whole-grain wheat is also a rich source of methyl donors and lipotropes (methionine, betaine, choline, inositol and folates) that may be involved in cardiovascular and/or hepatic protection, lipid metabolism and DNA methylation. Potential protective effects of bound phenolic acids within the colon, of the B-complex vitamins on the nervous system and mental health, of oligosaccharides as prebiotics, of compounds associated with skeleton health, and of other compounds such as a-linolenic acid, policosanol, melatonin, phytosterols and para-aminobenzoic acid also deserve to be studied in more depth. Finally, benefits of nutrigenomics to study complex physiological effects of the 'whole-grain package', and the most promising ways for improving the nutritional quality of cereal products are discussed. Whole-grain wheat: Bioactive compounds: Physiological mechanisms: Health IntroductionThere is growing evidence that whole-grain cereal products protect against the development of chronic diseases. The most important of these in terms of public health are obesity (1,2) , the metabolic syndrome (3,4) , type 2 diabetes (5,6) , CVD (7) and cancers (8 -12) . Whole-grain cereal consumption has also been shown to be protective against mortality, as was shown with inflammation-related death (i.e. noncardiovascular and non-cancer inflammatory diseases such as, for example, respiratory system diseases) (13) and with cancer and CVD (4,14,15) . These conclusions are supported by the effects of consuming refined cereal products (bread, pasta and rice), as these have been associated with an increased risk of digestive tract, pharynx, larynx and thyroid cancers in northern Italians (16) . However, an association between a lower risk of developing a chronic disease and a high whole-grain cereal consumption does not mean a direct causal relationship and provides no information about the physiological mechanisms involved.These metabolic diseases are related to our daily lifestyle, no...

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Effects of Durum Wheat Dietary Selenium on Glutathione Peroxidase Activity and Se Content in Long-Term-Fed Rats

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Availability of Selenium in Dough and Biscuit in Comparison to Wheat Meal

Availability of Selenium in Dough and Biscuit in Comparison to Wheat Meal

Correlation between selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity in serum and human prostate tissue

New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre?

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