Effects of Doxycycline, Metronidazole and their Combination on<i>Candida</i>species Colonization of the Human Oropharynx, Intestinal Lumen and Vagina

Maraki, Sofia; Margioris, A. N.; Orfanoudaki, Eleni; Tselentis, Yiannis; Koumantakis, E.; Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P.; Rovithi, Maria; Samonis, George

doi:10.1179/joc.2003.15.4.369

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Metronidazole could increase the risk of symptomatic VVC by reducing the population of BV-associated bacteria or by promoting Lactobacillus colonization [13]. Systemic administration of metronidazole could also promote vaginal candidiasis by increasing the concentration of Candida in the gut [29], although published data addressing this possibility are limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Study of Vaginal Bacterial Flora and Other Risk Factors for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

McClelland

Richardson

Hassan³

et al. 2009

J INFECT DIS

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Background: It has been suggested that vaginal lactobacilli may reduce the risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), but supporting data are limited. Our objective was to determine the relationship between vaginal bacterial flora and VVC. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort analysis among 151 Kenyan sex workers. At monthly follow-up, VVC was defined as the presence of yeast buds, pseudohyphae, or both on vaginal wet preparation or KOH preparation. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify correlates of VVC. Results: Participants returned for a median of 12 (interquartile range 11-12) visits. Vulvovaginal candidiasis was present at 162 visits, including 26 with symptomatic VVC. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) was associated with fewer episodes of VVC (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16-0.50). After excluding women with concurrent BV, another possible cause of vaginal symptoms, the likelihood of symptomatic VVC was higher in those with yeast on vaginal wet preparation in the past 60 days (aOR 4.06, 95% CI 1.12-14.74) and those with concurrent vaginal Lactobacillus colonization (aOR 3.75, 95% CI 1.30-10.83). Conclusions: Contrary to a commonly posed hypothesis of a protective effect, we found that vaginal Lactobacillus colonization was associated with a >4-fold increase in the likelihood of symptomatic VVC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Study of Vaginal Bacterial Flora and Other Risk Factors for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

McClelland

Richardson

Hassan³

et al. 2009

J INFECT DIS

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“…Such longitudinal and/or interventional studies could reveal whether oral diseases are associated with disruption of fungal-bacterial relationships. For instance, the incidence of candidiasis in non-oral mucosal compartments such as the vaginal tract is associated with antibiotic intake and it is therefore believed to be a consequence of disrupting the bacterial microbiome (Maraki et al, 2003; Xu et al, 2008). Indeed, evidence from animal models suggests that in the gut Candida interacts with the resident bacterial microbiome potentially influencing host-microbiome homeostasis (Mason et al, 2012a,b).…”

Section: Using “Omics” Information To Identify Candidate Fungal-bactementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Pseusomonas aeruginosa , known to coexist in the cystic fibrosis lungs with C. albicans , has been demonstrated to affect yeast to hyphal transition and also biofilm formation, potentially limiting C. albicans to a commensal state of growth (Morales et al, 2013). In contrast to non-oral mucosal sites, the oropharynx has been demonstrated to be more resistant to Candida overgrowth than the lower GI tract and vagina following antibiotics (Maraki et al, 2003; Kim et al, 2014). It is not clear, however, if this is due to lack of profound perturbation of the oral bacteriome following antibiotic intake, or perhaps because of less dependency between fungi and bacteria in the mouth.…”

Section: Using “Omics” Information To Identify Candidate Fungal-bactementioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal-bacterial interactions and their relevance to oral health: linking the clinic and the bench

Diaz

Strausbaugh

Dongari-Bagtzoglou

2014

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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High throughput sequencing has accelerated knowledge on the oral microbiome. While the bacterial component of oral communities has been extensively characterized, the role of the fungal microbiota in the oral cavity is largely unknown. Interactions among fungi and bacteria are likely to influence oral health as exemplified by the synergistic relationship between Candida albicans and oral streptococci. In this perspective, we discuss the current state of the field of fungal-bacterial interactions in the context of the oral cavity. We highlight the need to conduct longitudinal clinical studies to simultaneously characterize the bacterial and fungal components of the human oral microbiome in health and during disease progression. Such studies need to be coupled with investigations using disease-relevant models to mechanistically test the associations observed in humans and eventually identify fungal-bacterial interactions that could serve as preventive or therapeutic targets for oral diseases.

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“…diarrhea) or systemic symptomatic (disseminated infection) [53]. In humans, yeast (C. albicans) infections of mucosal sites are one of the most common side effects of antibiotic therapy [53][54][55][56][57]. The ability of the bacterial microbiota to control or prevent C. albicans colonization is because of both competitive exclusion of favored niches and by production of growth-altering metabolites such as short chain fatty acids [58][59][60][61][62].…”

Section: Role Of Antibiotics In Microbiota Dynamics and Allergic Respmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ‘microflora hypothesis’ of allergic diseases

Noverr

Huffnagle

2005

Clin Experimental Allergy

342

252

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Increasingly, epidemiologic and clinical data support the hypothesis that perturbations in the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota because of antibiotic use and dietary differences in 'industrialized' countries have disrupted the normal microbiota-mediated mechanisms of immunological tolerance in the mucosa, leading to an increase in the incidence of allergic airway disease. The data supporting this 'microflora hypothesis' includes correlations between allergic airway disease and (1) antibiotic use early in life, (2) altered fecal microbiota and (3) dietary changes over the past two decades. Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that mice can develop allergic airway responses to allergens if their endogenous microbiota is altered at the time of first allergen exposure. These experimental and clinical observations are consistent with other studies demonstrating that the endogenous microbiota plays a significant role in shaping the development of the immune system. Data are beginning to accumulate that a 'balanced' microbiota plays a positive role in maintaining mucosal immunologic tolerance long after post-natal development. Other studies have demonstrated that even small volumes delivered to the nasopharynx largely end up in the GI tract, suggesting that airway tolerance and oral tolerance may operate simultaneously. The mechanism of microbiota modulation of host immunity is not known; however, host and microbial oxylipins are one potential set of immunomodulatory molecules that may control mucosal tolerance. The cumulative data are beginning to support the notion that probiotic and prebiotic strategies be considered for patients coming off of antibiotic therapy.

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Effects of Doxycycline, Metronidazole and their Combination onCandidaspecies Colonization of the Human Oropharynx, Intestinal Lumen and Vagina

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Prospective Study of Vaginal Bacterial Flora and Other Risk Factors for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Prospective Study of Vaginal Bacterial Flora and Other Risk Factors for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Fungal-bacterial interactions and their relevance to oral health: linking the clinic and the bench

The ‘microflora hypothesis’ of allergic diseases

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