Effects of Dose of Ingested Glucose on Plasma Metabolite and Hormone Responses in Type II Diabetic Subjects

Abstract

Ten untreated type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects were given 15, 25, 35, and 50 g glucose orally. Plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, urea nitrogen, alpha-amino acid nitrogen, and lactate concentrations were measured, and net 5-h postprandial areas were calculated. The net glucose-area response to the ingested glucose dose (with the 0-time value as a constant baseline) was best described by a second-order polynomial equation, whereas insulin-area response was best described by a third-order equation. In a separate study, 5 untreated type II diabetic subjects were given only water, and the same metabolites and hormones were measured. Data from this study indicated that the baseline was not constant during the 5 h of study but decreased progressively. The net glucose-area and insulin-area responses to ingested glucose dose (with the decreasing baseline) were then best described by third-order equations. Glucagon, alpha-amino acid nitrogen, and lactate concentrations were exquisitely sensitive to a rise in glucose and insulin concentrations. These were all decreased with the lowest concentration of glucose used. At this dose of glucose, the increase in insulin was only 15 microU/ml.

Dietary whey protein influences plasma satiety-related hormones and plasma amino acids in normal-weight adult women

“…Paired (multiple) comparisons were used to examine the statistical significance of the differences between drinks at each time point. 21 Net incremental (area under the curve and above the baseline) area under the curve (Net iAUC) 22 of the response of each blood parameter after consumption of the test drink (from 0 to 120 min adjusted for baseline) were calculated by the trapezoidal method and tested for a drink effect by using a paired t-test. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to examine potential relationships within blood variables and measures of satiety.…”

In vitro measurements of luminal viscosity and glucose/maltose bioaccessibility for oat bran, instant oats, and steel cut oats

“…It is now widely accepted that both amount and type of carbohydrate influence postprandial glycemic response (Brand, Nicholson, Thornburn, & Truswell, 1985;Gannon, Nuttall, Westphal, Neil, & Seaquist, 1989;Jenkins et al, 1981;Sheard et al, 2004). Fig.…”

Plasma glucose and insulin responses to bananas of varying ripeness in persons with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

“…The bioavailable glucose varied between 19 and 27 g (Table 1). We previ ously have determined the glucose area response to various amounts of ingested glucose in persons with NIDDM [19]. Using the above data, we calculated the expected glucose area response to the available glucose in the ba nanas ( Table 2).…”

“…Since insulin and C-peptide are secreted in equimolar amounts, C-peptide data indicate that the major effect was stimulation of insulin secretion with all meals. Based on data from the previous glucose dose response study [19], we calculated the insulin area response expected from the estimated available glucose for the four different ripenesses of the bananas (Table 2). For banana stages 5, 6 and 7, the mean observed insulin area response was approximately 95% ofthat predicted.…”