Effects of dose and adaptation time of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation

Castillejos, Lorena; Calsamiglia, S.; Ferret, A.; Losa, Riccardo

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.03.023

Cited by 103 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, changes in short chain fatty acids (SCFA) profile are variable, depending on dose and specific EO evaluated (Busquet et al, 2006;Castillejos et al, 2007). On the other hand, ammonia-N concentration decreased in response to EOs supplementation in vitro (Busquet et al, 2006;Macheboeuf et al, 2008) or in vivo (Benchaar et al, 2007;Giannenas et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oils for dairy calves: effects on performance, scours, rumen fermentation and intestinal fauna

Santos

Paula

Lezier

et al. 2015

Animal

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The first cause of death of dairy calves is often diarrhea which is mainly caused by pathogenic bacteria, which can result in excessive use of antibiotics. However, facing the increase concern by the industry and consumers, the use of antibiotics not only to control pathogens, but also to manipulate growth, has become a challenge. Alternative additives, such essential oils, have the potential to decrease antibiotic use, without reducing performance or increasing mortality of dairy calves. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a commercial blend of essential oils, incorporated into the calf starter and/or milk replacer to monitor the effect on overall calf performance, fecal scores and rumen fermentation parameters. A total of 30 Holstein calves received 6 l/day of a liquid diet, consisting of a commercial milk replacer containing 20% CP : 15% fat (EE). Calves had free choice access to water and calf starter. Weaning occurred at week 8, and calves were followed until the 10 th week of age. Calves were assigned to one of the three treatment groups in a randomized block design. Treatments: (1) control without essential oils supplementation (C); (2) essential oils blend in the milk replacer at 400 mg/kg (MR) and (3) essential oils blend in the milk replacer (200 mg/kg) and starter feed (200 mg/kg) (MRS). From the 2 nd week, calves were weighed and body measurements were taken, while concentrate intake and fecal scores were monitored daily. Blood samples were drawn weekly for determination of glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate. Fecal samples were collected weekly and analyzed for lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteria; and ruminal fluid for determination of pH, short chain fatty acids, ammonia-N and counts of amylolytic and cellulolytic bacteria, and protozoa. Performance, fecal scores and intestines microorganisms were not affected by the essential oils supplementation. Ruminal and blood parameters were also not affected, with the exception the rumen ammonia-N concentration, with higher values when essential oils were supplemented in a combination of milk replacer and starter feed. Most of the evaluated parameters were affected by age of calves, mainly as a response to the increase in concentrate intake as animals' aged. Essential oils are promising substitutes for antibiotics. However, the dose and routes of administration deserve further studies, allowing a better animal performance and health to be achieved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oils for dairy calves: effects on performance, scours, rumen fermentation and intestinal fauna

Santos

Paula

Lezier

et al. 2015

Animal

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“…In an experiment carried out on fattening lambs that consumed mixed feed with a blend of essential oil compounds having antioxidant activity, Ozdogan et al (2011) showed a slight improvement in BW and ADG, which could likely be due to the modification of rumen volatile fatty acid production by increasing the acetate-to-propionate ratio, inhibiting deamination, and the direct inhibition of methane production (Busquet et al, 2006;Castillejos et al, 2007). Corino et al (2007b) conducted a similar study on piglets in post-weaning; piglets were fed with a concentrate that was supplemented with two levels of VB, and the authors found considerable growth improvement in the subjects that were fed the highest level of VB.…”

Section: Productive Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of lemon verbena (<i>Lippia citriodora</i>) verbascoside on the productive performance, plasma oxidative status, and some blood metabolites in suckling lambs

Casamassima¹,

Palazzo²,

D’Alessandro³

et al. 2013

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…Castillejos et al (2007) suggest that a long period of adaptation of rumen bacteria to functional oils (at least 4 weeks) may be required to achieve the depression in the concentration of NH 3 -N concentrations, which was not achieved in this experiment. The authors confirm that for changes in the concentrations and ratios of short chain fatty acids is required more than 24 hours and less than six days to be modified by functional oils.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Each experimental period lasted 10 days (Castillejos et al, 2007), and the last three days of each period were used for collection of rumen fluid, duodenal digesta and feces. On the last day of each period, after weighing the animals and before changing the diets, they were submitted to washing rumen technique and the exchange of rumen contents among animals according to the diet change (Kim et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aumento das doses dietéticas de líquido de casca de castanha de caju na digestibilidade ruminal e intestinal de nutrientes em novilhos alimentados com uma dieta rica em grãos

et al. 2017

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sUMMAryThe objective was to evaluate the inclusion of technical cashew nut shell liquid (tCNSL) in the concentrate for cattle fed on a high-grain diet on feed intake, ruminal and total apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients, fermentation characteristics and microbial efficiency. Four Holstein steers (445 ± 23.39 kg of body weight) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used. The diets had (in DM basis) 144 g kg-1 of crude protein and 799 g kg-1 of total digestible nutrients, with a forage to concentrate ratio of 15:85. The experimental design was a 4 x 4 Latin square with 10-day experimental periods. The diets consisted of 0; 300; 600 and 1200 mg of tCNSL in DM of the concentrate. Intake and total apparent digestibility coefficient of nutrients, on DM basis, were not affected by experimental diets. However, ruminal digestibility of ether extract showed quadratic response in which animals fed 0 and 300 mg tCNSL kg-1 of concentrate had the lowest values for ruminal digestibility. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen, plasma urea nitrogen and microbial efficiency were not affected by treatments. However, ruminal pH tended to increase when animals were fed with tCNSL. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inclusão do líquido da casca da castanha de caju (tCNSL) na dieta de bovinos alimentados com dietas ricas em grão, sobre a ingestão e o coeficiente de digestibilidade ruminal e total dos nutrientes; as características de fermentação ruminal, eficiência de síntese microbiana no rúmen e parâmetro sanguíneo, através do nitrogênio ureico plasmático. Foram utilizados quatro novilhos da raça Holandesa (445 ± 23,39 kg de peso vivo) providos de cânula ruminal e duodenal, recebendo uma dieta com 144 g kg-1 de proteína bruta e 799 g kg-1 de nutrientes digestíveis totais, com uma relação volumoso:concentrado de 15:85. O delineamento experimental foi o quadrado latino 4 x 4 com 10 dias de períodos experimentais. As dietas foram compostas de 0, 300, 600 e 1200 mg de tCNSL na matéria seca (MS) do concentrado. A ingestão e os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente total dos nutrientes, com base na MS, não foram influenciados pela inclusão de tCNSL na dieta. O coeficiente de digestibilidade ruminal (CDR) do extrato etéreo apresentou resposta quadrática, em que os animais que consumiram 0 e 300 mg tCNSL d-1 apresentaram menores valores de CDR. O uso do LCCt não influenciou o nitrogênio amoniacal no rúmen, o nitrogênio ureico plasmático e a eficiência de síntese microbiana. No entanto, houve tendência de maior pH ruminal quando os animais consumiram o LCCt. PAlAvrAs-chAve AdicionAisAditivo. Cardol. Cardanol. Digestibilidade. Fermentação ruminal.

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Effects of dose and adaptation time of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation

Cited by 103 publications

References 25 publications

Essential oils for dairy calves: effects on performance, scours, rumen fermentation and intestinal fauna

Essential oils for dairy calves: effects on performance, scours, rumen fermentation and intestinal fauna

The effects of lemon verbena (<i>Lippia citriodora</i>) verbascoside on the productive performance, plasma oxidative status, and some blood metabolites in suckling lambs

Aumento das doses dietéticas de líquido de casca de castanha de caju na digestibilidade ruminal e intestinal de nutrientes em novilhos alimentados com uma dieta rica em grãos

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