Effects of Doping Elements in &amp;beta;-FeSi&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Prepared Utilizing Cast Iron Scrap Chips

Laila, Assayidatul; Nanko, Makoto; Takeda, M.

doi:10.2320/matertrans.m2015357

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Recently, Laila et al proposed to use cast‐iron scrap chips as a starting material for the synthesis of β‐FeSi 2 TE material. [ 122,123 ] GDMS analyses revealed the presence of silicon (2.2 wt%), carbon (2 wt%), and iron as the main constituents of the scrap chips, in addition to some minor elements (Mn, Mg, S, P, etc.). Cast‐iron chips were used directly with Si and doping elements (Co, Mn, and Al) in the synthesis of TE materials using milling and pulsed electric current sintering techniques.…”

Section: Use Of Wastes In the Synthesis Of Te Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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power plants, factories, motor vehicles, computers, or even human bodies into electricity. TEGs are suitable for small applications because of their compatibility, simplicity, and scalability. For example, electricity can be generated from small heat sources and by taking advantage of small temperature differences for powering wristwatches or wearable devices such as miniaturized accelerometers or electroencephalography (EEG) devices. [3,4] However, low efficiency and high fabrication cost are the main disadvantages of TEGs which hinder their vast application in the market. Although many studies have explored the ways to increase the efficiency of TEGs in converting the thermal to electric energy, cost of TE materials synthesis and miniaturized TEGs fabrication has not been addressed widely.TEGs require materials with high electrical conductivities and low thermal conductivities, as well as high thermopower (Seebeck coefficient, S) which in turn constrains the types of materials that can be used as a TE material. The direct conversion of thermal to electrical energy in response to a temperature gradient across a material can be calculated by using the following equationwhere ΔV is the generated voltage, S is the Seebeck coefficient or thermopower, and ΔT is the temperature difference. The performance of a TE material is defined by the dimensionless figure of merit (zT), which relates the material properties to its conversion efficiency, in the following way 2 l e ZT S T σ κ κ ) ( = +where σ is the electrical conductivity, κ l and κ e are the lattice and electronic contributions to the thermal conductivity of TE material, respectively, and T is the absolute temperature. High S 2 σ (power factor, PF) and low thermal conductivity, κ = κ l + κ e , lead to better performance. In practice, however, the mutual dependence between these material properties makes an optimization of zT difficult. For many decades since the 1950s, when research and development of bulk homogenous materials for TE applications started to increase, research and development efforts focused on elements derived from raw materials for synthesizing TE materials. The compounds synthesized from raw elements such as Thermoelectric (TE) technology enables the efficient conversion of waste heat generated in homes, transport, and industry into promptly accessible electrical energy. Such technology is thus finding increasing applications given the focus on alternative sources of energy. However, the synthesis of TE materials relies on costly and scarce elements, which are also environmentally damaging to extract. Moreover, spent TE modules lead to a waste of resources and cause severe pollution. To address these issues, many laboratory studies have explored the synthesis of TE materials using wastes and the recovery of scarce elements from spent modules, e.g., utilization of Si slurry as starting materials, development of biodegradable TE papers, and bacterial recovery and recycling of tellurium from spent TE modules. Yet, the outcomes of such work have no...

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Section: Use Of Wastes In the Synthesis Of Te Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…zT versus temperature for n‐type and p‐type FeSi 2 doped with (Mn, Al, and Co) dopants. [ 122,123 ] Fe 0.92 Co 0.08 Si 2 and FeSi 2 , [ 125 ] Fe 0.92 Mn 0.08 Si 2 , [ 128 ] FeAl 0.1 Si 2 , [ 127 ] and Fe 0.5 Co 0.5 Si 2 . [ 126 ] …”

Section: Use Of Wastes In the Synthesis Of Te Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%