Effects of doping content and crystallite size on luminescence properties of Eu3+ doped fluorapatites obtained from natural waste

Hydrothermal Synthesis and In Vivo Fluorescent Bioimaging Application of Eu3+/Gd3+ Co-Doped Fluoroapatite Nanocrystals

“…The I 617 /I 591 value is listed in Figure 6 f. For 20%, the F substitution is smaller than others, which could be due to lower crystallinity, as mentioned in Figure 1 a. Moreover, it was observed that Eu/Gd:FAP, which are prepared at different hydrothermal temperatures ( Figure 6 g), can also obviously promote the fluorescence properties, as shown in Figure 6 h. According to the results, the higher temperature (300 °C) is the better temperature for the material preparation due to the increasing crystallinity of the products relating to the thermal diffusion of Eu 3+ to the Ca 2+ sites in the crystal lattice [ 3 ].…”

“…The calcium phosphate apatite is the main inorganic component of the bones and teeth of mammals, which mainly exists as hydroxyapatite (HAP) in vivo [ 1 , 2 ]. With varied monovalent anions such as F − ,Cl − , HAP can be changed to fluoroapatite (FAP) and chloroapatite (ClAP) [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Calcium phosphate apatite materials have been widely used in biomedical fields, such as bone repair and as drug/protein/gene carriers [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

“…Of course, the particle size of rare-earth-doped FAP also requires attention because particles that are too large are not conducive to cell uptake and further biological imaging [ 32 ]. The hydrothermal method can provide both high temperature and pressure in a sealed pressure vessel to promote the chemical reaction and form highly crystalline fluorapatite, enhancing the diffusions of co-doped rare earth elements into the lattice site, and simultaneously maintaining the fluorapatite crystals at the nanometer scale [ 3 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Structure, luminescence properties and energy transfer of terbium and samarium co-doped barium based apatite phosphor with tunable emission colour

“…Due to their extraordinary and distinctive properties, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are often regarded as representing the fourth generation of lighting sources in the general lighting market [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Attractive colours, tiny size, and exquisite construction all contribute to LEDs' popularity for use in decorating and illuminating urban areas [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. One strategy for enabling LEDs to produce practical colours in their illuminance was to combine phosphors with n-UV chips, which emit light in the range of 350–420 nm [ 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Tb3+ and Sm3+ co-doped Ca2La3(SiO4)3F phosphor: synthesis, color regulation, and luminescence properties

“…[1][2][3] Because LEDs possess attractive colors, a tiny form factor, and ease of construction, they have widespread usage in the decoration and night illumination of cities. [4][5][6] Combining phosphors with n-UV chips (350-420 nm) is one approach that LEDs gives practical colors in their light output. [7][8][9] In broad terms, the phosphor is made up of activators as well as hosts (there are situations where sensitizers are included).…”