Effects of Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Lipid Metabolism, Eicosanoid Production, Platelet Aggregation and Atherosclerosis in Hypercholesterolemic Rats

Adan, Yosef; Shibata, Kenichi; Sato, Masao; Ikeda, Ikuo; Imaizumi, Kazunori

doi:10.1271/bbb.63.111

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These data suggest that PAF-inhibitors, present in GSBPL, may be bioavailable in rabbit blood where can exhibit anti-PAF activity. Our findings are in accordance with previous studies in rabbits and rats, in which only groups that had consumed atherogenic diet enriched with fish oil exhibited reduced platelet aggregation (Adan, Shibata, Sato, Ikeda, & Imaizumi, 1999;Chen et al, 2000;Lichtenstein & Chobanian, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

In vivo anti-atherogenic properties of cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) polar lipid extracts in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

In vivo anti-atherogenic properties of cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) polar lipid extracts in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits

et al. 2010

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“…6 g EPA alone, daily, was also shown to decrease platelet aggregation and TX production in response to collagen in healthy males (169) . However, in agreement with animal studies (170)(171)(172) , human studies suggest that DHA is a more potent anti-aggregatory agent than EPA at high doses (173,174) . More recently, 8-week supplementation with DHA alone were shown to reduce platelet aggregation to collagen in healthy males for doses as low as 0 .…”

Section: Effects Of Epa and Dha On Thrombosis And Haemostasissupporting

confidence: 61%

The differential effects of EPA and DHA on cardiovascular risk factors

2011

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Compelling evidence exists for the cardioprotective benefits resulting from consumption of fatty acids from fish oils, EPA (20 :5n-3) and DHA (22 :6n-3). EPA and DHA alter membrane fluidity, interact with transcription factors such as PPAR and sterol regulatory element binding protein, and are substrates for enzymes including cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450. As a result, fish oils may improve cardiovascular health by altering lipid metabolism, inducing haemodynamic changes, decreasing arrhythmias, modulating platelet function, improving endothelial function and inhibiting inflammatory pathways. The independent effects of EPA and DHA are poorly understood. While both EPA and DHA decrease TAG levels, only DHA appears to increase HDL and LDL particle size. Evidence to date suggests that DHA is more efficient in decreasing blood pressure, heart rate and platelet aggregation compared to EPA. Fish oil consumption appears to improve arterial compliance and endothelial function; it is not yet clear as to whether differences exist between EPA and DHA in their vascular effects. In contrast, the beneficial effect of fish oils on inflammation and insulin sensitivity observed in vitro and in animal studies has not been confirmed in human subjects. Further investigation to clarify the relative effects of consuming EPA and DHA at a range of doses would enable elaboration of current understanding regarding cardioprotective effects of consuming oily fish and algal sources of long chain n-3 PUFA, and provide clearer evidence for the clinical therapeutic potential of consuming either EPA or DHA-rich oils.

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“…In addition, numerous experimental and clinical studies have suggested that marine n-3 PUFAs such as EPA and DHA have signi®cant bene®ts in preventing the development of atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism [15,101,157]. For example, epidemiological evidence suggests that diets rich in DHA might protect against cardiovascular disease, by working at two levels: lowering plasma lipids and aecting eicosanoid biosynthesis [1,92]. Fish oils, as shown in Table 2, provide a rich source of PUFAs, especially EPA and DHA, which as discussed previously, have been found to increase membrane compositions of these respective PUFAs in various peripheral tissues [8,19,74,88,89,95,100].…”

Section: Essential Fatty Acids As Precursors Of Eicosanoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential fatty acids and the brain: possible health implications

Youdim

Martín

Joseph

2000

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

425

273

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Linoleic and a-linolenic acid are essential for normal cellular function, and act as precursors for the synthesis of longer chained polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic (AA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), which have been shown to partake in numerous cellular functions aecting membrane¯uidity, membrane enzyme activities and eicosanoid synthesis. The brain is particularly rich in PUFAs such as DHA, and changes in tissue membrane composition of these PUFAs re¯ect that of the dietary source. The decline in structural and functional integrity of this tissue appears to correlate with loss in membrane DHA concentrations. Arachidonic acid, also predominant in this tissue, is a major precursor for the synthesis of eicosanoids, that serve as intracellular or extracellular signals. With aging comes a likely increase in reactive oxygen species and hence a concomitant decline in membrane PUFA concentrations, and with it, cognitive impairment. Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease also appear to exhibit membrane loss of PUFAs. Thus it may be that an optimal diet with a balance of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids may help to delay their onset or reduce the insult to brain functions which these diseases elicit. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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Effects of Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Lipid Metabolism, Eicosanoid Production, Platelet Aggregation and Atherosclerosis in Hypercholesterolemic Rats

Cited by 38 publications

References 38 publications

In vivo anti-atherogenic properties of cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) polar lipid extracts in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits

In vivo anti-atherogenic properties of cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) polar lipid extracts in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits

The differential effects of EPA and DHA on cardiovascular risk factors

Essential fatty acids and the brain: possible health implications

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