Effects of DL-methionine supplementation on the success of fish meal replacement by plant proteins in practical diets for juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

Abstract

A ten-week feeding trail was conducted to investigate the effects of increasing DLmethionine (Met) supplementation on the success of fish meal (FM) replacement with plant proteins in practical diets for juvenile gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio. Twelve isoenergetic diets were formulated including two 150 g kg −1 FM diets (Diet 1-positive control 1 reflecting a commercial diet and Diet 2-positive control 2 reflecting a commercial diet but with balanced essential amino acid (EAA) profile) and ten 50 g kg −1 FM diets (negative controls) supplemented with graded levels (0-3.0 g kg −1 ) of DL-Met (Diets 3-12). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of gibel carp, near satiation four times daily for 10 weeks. Diet 2 with balanced EAA profile produced better final weight, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the negative control diet containing no supplemental Met (Diet 3), but did not significantly differ from Diet 1. However, DL-Met supplementation (0.5-3.0 g kg −1 ) in the negative control diets (Diets 4-12) produced growth performances similar to those fed the positive control diets (Diets 1 and 2). Based on quadratic regression analysis, the optimal dietary Met level with 5.2 g kg −1 of dietary cysteine (Cys) was found to be 7.1 g kg −1 dry diet for SGR and FCR. The corresponding total sulphur amino acid requirements (Met + Cys) of this species were calculated to be 12.3 g kg −1 dry diet for SGR and FCR. DL-Met supplementation in 50 g kg −1 FM diets showed a decreasing trend in plasma cholesterol contents (p < .05). No significant differences were observed in whole-body composition, plasma protein, triglyceride and free EAA contents among dietary treatments, while plasma aspartate transaminase, albumin and ammonia contents were significantly influenced by dietary Met levels. Juvenile gibel carp grew equally well on 150 g kg −1 FM diet or 50 g kg −1 FM diets balanced for EAA profile with supplemental amino acids. The results of this study overall indicate that balancing dietary amino acid levels with DL-Met supplementation is a key strategy in successfully reducing FM levels in the diets of gibel carp. K E Y W O R D SDL-methionine, fish meal replacement, gibel carp, Carrassius auratus gibeilo, plant proteins, practical diet 1

Essential amino acids supplementation to practical diets affects growth, feed utilization and glucose metabolism‐related signalling molecules of blunt snout bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala )

“…Whole body moisture, protein, lipid, and ash contents were not influenced by dietary treatments in this study, which confirms that the total substitution of FM by PP in the diet for blunt snout bream has no adverse effect on the body composition. These finding are consistent with those obtained by Cai et al (), Zhou, Habte‐Tsion, Ge, Liu, et al (); (Zhou, Habte‐Tsion, Ge, Xie, et al, ) in the target species; by Ren et al () in gibel carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio ), and by Cabral et al () in Senegalese sole ( S. senegalensis ). In contrast, Hien et al () reported that the replacement of fishmeal by soy protein concentrate in the diet of snakehead ( Channa striata ) affected whole body moisture, lipid, and ash.…”

Use of supplemental amino acids on the success of reducing dietary protein levels for Jian carp ( Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

“…The highest value of plasma ammonia contents was found in fish fed NC, while a decreased trend of TNA discharge amount into water was found in fish fed reduced dietary protein (Diets 1–4). The above results indicated that excess AA in the diet were not used for growth or protein deposition of Jian carp, but resulted in extra energy expenditure towards deamination and excretion as the previous reports in gibel carp (Ren et al, ). Similarly, in grass carp, TAN excretion in to water was reduced in plant‐based practical diets with the decrease in dietary protein level supplemented of lysine and methionine (Gan et al, ).…”

“…Plasma ammonia, glucose, total protein, albumin, total triglyceride concentrations and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities were analysed using an automatic biochemical analyzer (Mindray BS‐400, Mindray Medical International Ltd., Shenzhen, China) as described in our previous studies (Ren et al, ). TAN analysis was according to the method by Gan et al ().…”

Complete replacement of fish meal by plant protein ingredients with dietary essential amino acids supplementation for juvenile blunt snout bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala )

“…In accordance with this view, studies performed to investigate the impact of extruded feed in the diet concluded that the extrusion might diminish the contents of antinutritional factor and the inhibitors (Adamidou et al, ; Barrows, Stone, & Hardy, ; Drew, Borgeson, & Thiessen, ; Francis, Makkar, & Becker, ), and improve the protein utilization (Gaylord, Barrows, & Rawles, ). Furthermore, other studies reported a superior growth performance in some fish species fed diets supplemented with EAA such as in Senegalese sole ( Solea senegalensis ; Silva, Espe, Conceição, Dias, & Valente, ) and gibel carp ( Carassius auratus gibeilo ; Ren et al, ). Lee () stated that the addition of amino acids to the diets containing the plant protein mix is required to balance the essential amino acid composition and make the diet similar to positive control diets.…”