Effects of divalent metal ions on the flame retardancy and pyrolysis products of alginate fibres

Zhang, Jianjun; Ji, Q.; Wang, Fengjun; Tan, Liwen; Xia, Yanzhi

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.03.004

Cited by 120 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Finally, coupled TGA-FTIR analysis gives insight into aspects of the thermal degradation pathways of H-Alg, Na-Alg and Cu-Alg, and the differences between them. Figure 10 shows that the primary volatile component product for this 'slow' pyrolysis, in all three cases, is CO 2 , as evidenced by the intense absorbance at 2360 cm 21 ; this observation has been reported previously from studies using coupled TGA-gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) [42,44]. Interestingly, if the intensity of the IR absorbance at 2360 cm 21 is plotted against temperature during the pyrolysis of H-Alg, Na-Alg and Cu-Alg over the temperature range 150 -3008C (figure 11a), the trace can be seen to completely replicate the trend in mass loss shown in the equivalent section of the TGA curve (figure 11b).…”

Section: Rsfsroyalsocietypublishingorg Interface Focus 3: 20120046supporting

confidence: 80%

Copper(II)-mediated thermolysis of alginates: a model kinetic study on the influence of metal ions in the thermochemical processing of macroalgae

et al. 2013

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Thermochemical processing methods such as pyrolysis are of growing interest as a means of converting biomass into fuels and commodity chemicals in a sustainable manner. Macroalgae, or seaweed, represent a novel class of feedstock for pyrolysis that, owing to the nature of the environments in which they grow coupled with their biochemistry, naturally possess high metal contents. Although the impact of metals upon the pyrolysis of terrestrial biomass is well documented, their influence on the thermochemical conversion of marine-derived feeds is largely unknown. Furthermore, these effects are inherently difficult to study, owing to the heterogeneous character of natural seaweed samples. The work described in this paper uses copper(II) alginate, together with alginic acid and sodium alginate as model compounds for exploring the effects of metals upon macroalgae thermolysis. A thermogravimetric analysis–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study revealed that, unusually, Cu 2+ ions promote the onset of pyrolysis in the alginate polymer, with copper(II) alginate initiating rapid devolatilization at 143°C, 14°C lower than alginic acid and 61°C below the equivalent point for sodium alginate. Moreover, this effect was mirrored in a sample of wild Laminaria digitata that had been doped with Cu 2+ ions prior to pyrolysis, thus validating the use of alginates as model compounds with which to study the thermolysis of macroalgae. These observations indicate the varying impact of different metal species on thermochemical behaviour of seaweeds and offer an insight into the pyrolysis of brown macroalgae used in phytoremediation of metal-containing waste streams.

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Section: Rsfsroyalsocietypublishingorg Interface Focus 3: 20120046supporting

confidence: 80%

Copper(II)-mediated thermolysis of alginates: a model kinetic study on the influence of metal ions in the thermochemical processing of macroalgae

et al. 2013

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“…Sodium alginate is a desirable candidate for aqueous processing [16], and alginate fibers have been prepared by wet-spinning process because of the gelation properties of alginate [15], such as calcium alginate fibers, copper alginate fibers, barium alginate fibers, and zinc alginate fibers. These alginate fibers except for copper alginate are the inherently flame-retardant materials with better flame-retardant properties compared with that of alginic fibers [17][18][19][20]. The effects of these divalent metal ions on the thermal degradation properties, flame-retardant properties, and pyrolysis properties of alginate fibers were investigated by Xia et al [17,18] and Zhu [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These alginate fibers except for copper alginate are the inherently flame-retardant materials with better flame-retardant properties compared with that of alginic fibers [17][18][19][20]. The effects of these divalent metal ions on the thermal degradation properties, flame-retardant properties, and pyrolysis properties of alginate fibers were investigated by Xia et al [17,18] and Zhu [20]. The results indicated that divalent metal ions improved the flame-retardant properties of alginate fibers, and that decreased the thermal stabilities and the kinds of gaseous products in the alginate pyrolysis process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of manganese and cobalt ions on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of bio-based alginate films

et al. 2015

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Bio-based cobalt alginate and manganese alginate films were prepared by a facile ionic exchange and casting approach. Their flame retardancy, thermal degradation, and pyrolysis properties were investigated by vertical burning (UL-94), limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis, microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared analysis (TG-FTIR), and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). It showed that cobalt alginate film had much higher LOI value (45.0 %) than those of manganese alginate film (30.7 %) and sodium alginate film (24.5 %). Moreover, cobalt alginate film passed UL-94 V-0 rating, while manganese alginate and sodium alginate films showed no rating. Importantly, peak of heat release rate of cobalt alginate and manganese alginate in MCC test was much lower than that of sodium alginate, suggesting that the addition of cobalt ion and manganese ion decreases the release of combustible gases. TG-FTIR and Py-GC-MS results indicated that cobalt alginate and manganese alginate produced much less gaseous products than that of sodium alginate. Finally, a possible thermal degradation mechanism of cobalt alginate and manganese alginate had been proposed. The results provided useful information for understanding flame-retardant mechanism of alginate as well as for designing bio-based materials with excellent fire-retardant properties.

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“…As reported, synergistic agents, such as metallic oxide 15,16 and zeolites (Zs), 17,18 can effectively improve the flame retardancy. On the other hand, the compatibility between the IFR and polymer matrix was improved by the addition of polymeric compatibilizers, such as maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Mechanical performance and flame retardancy of polypropylene composites containing zeolite and multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Zhao

Wang

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Intumescent-flame-retarded polypropylene (PP-IFR) composites were prepared by the incorporation of methyl hydrogen siloxane treated ammonium polyphosphate and dipentaerythritol in a twin-screw extruder. The effects of zeolite (Z), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene on the flame retardancy, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of PP-IFR were investigated. The addition of Z and CNT promoted the flame retardancy of PP-IFR, and the highest limited oxygen index was 35.6%, obtained on PP-M-IFR-2-Z, for which the heat-release rate, total heat release, and smoke production rate based on cone calorimetry analyses decreased by 45.0, 51.0, and 66.3%, respectively, in comparison with those values of the PP-IFR composites. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy analyses showed that there was a good interface interaction between the polypropylene matrix and additives. The flexural, tensile, and impact strengths of the PP-IFR composites were improved significantly with the incorporation of CNT.

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Effects of divalent metal ions on the flame retardancy and pyrolysis products of alginate fibres

Cited by 120 publications

References 28 publications

Copper(II)-mediated thermolysis of alginates: a model kinetic study on the influence of metal ions in the thermochemical processing of macroalgae

Copper(II)-mediated thermolysis of alginates: a model kinetic study on the influence of metal ions in the thermochemical processing of macroalgae

Effect of manganese and cobalt ions on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of bio-based alginate films

Mechanical performance and flame retardancy of polypropylene composites containing zeolite and multiwalled carbon nanotubes

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