Effects of Disinfection and Steam Sterilization on the Mechanical Properties of 3D SLA- and DLP-Printed Surgical Guides for Orthodontic Implant Placement

Abstract

Three-dimensional printed surgical guides increase the precision of orthodontic mini-implant placement. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of disinfection and of two types of autoclave sterilization on the mechanical properties of 3D printed surgical guides obtained via the SLA (stereolithography) and DLP (digital light processing) printing methods. A total of 96 standard specimens (48 SLA and 48 DLP) were printed to analyze the tensile and flexural properties of the materials. A total of 80 surgical guide (40 SLA and 40 DLP) specimens from each printing method were classified into four groups: CG (control group); G1, disinfected with 4% Gigasept (Gigasept Instru AF; Schülke & Mayer Gmbh, Norderstedt, Germany); G2, autoclave-sterilized (121 °C); and G3, autoclave-sterilized (134 °C). Significant differences in the maximum compressive load were determined between the groups comprising the DLP-(p < 0.001) and the SLA- (p < 0.001) printed surgical guides. Groups G2 (p = 0.001) and G3 (p = 0.029) showed significant parameter modifications compared with the CG. Disinfection with 4% Gigasept (Gigasept Instru AF; Schülke & Mayer Gmbh, Norderstedt, Germany) is suitable both for SLA- and DLP-printed surgical guides. Heat sterilization at both 121 °C and 134 °C modified the mechanical properties of the surgical guides.

Impact of Steam Autoclaving on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Resins Used for Insertion Guides in Orthodontics and Implant Dentistry

“…Most recently, Pop et al conducted a similar study on the influence of disinfection and autoclaving on the flexural properties of surgical guide materials for additive manufacturing [29]. In contrast to our results, they found significantly increased flexural moduli for both autoclaving cycles that the specimens were subjected to (i.e., 121 • C, 1 bar, 20 min and 134 • C, 2 bar, 10 min).…”

“…Reasons for the contrasting results could be different post-curing conditions of the specimens, different materials, different loading speed (i.e., 5 mm/s), and possibly different specimen geometry, which, however, remained unspecified. Interestingly, one of the two materials that were examined in their study was used in the present study in group 3 (i.e., Dental SG, Formlabs Inc.), which was the only group that we found to have an increased flexural modulus after being treated at 134 • C, in agreement with the results of Pop et al [29].…”

“…The statistical analysis was performed using Excel 2016 (Microsoft). A convenience sample size was determined, based on similar publications in this field [29,30]. For Vickers hardness, repeated measurements on the same specimen were pooled.…”

Effects of Autoclaving and Disinfection on 3D Dental Surgical Guides: Evaluating Mechanical Integrity and Dimensional Accuracy in LCD Technology for Implant Procedures

“…A material's mechanical properties and dimensional changes during a clinical procedure, such as sterilization and disinfection, are crucial for determining its behavior before clinical use, which may impact its clinical performance [21][22][23]. Before and after chemical disinfection and autoclave sterilization, the mechanical properties and dimensional changes of surgical guides utilized in implant placement will be compared in this study.…”

4D‐Printable Photocrosslinkable Polyurethane‐Based Inks for Tissue Scaffold and Actuator Applications

“…For example, it is adopted for massive production of automotive parts by Desktop Metal and is exploited for large scale fabrication of medical devices, soft actuators, and shoe soles by global corporations such as Medtronic, Boston Scientific, and Adidas, respectively. [3][4][5][6] The emerging applications of DLP printing include fabrication of biomedical implants, [7] dental surgical guides, [8] tissue models, [9][10][11] as well as wax models in jewelry, [12] sculptures in aesthetics, [13] and metamaterials in soft robotics. [14][15][16] The DLP technique is based on local photocrosslinking of a liquid ink, which mainly consists of monomers/oligomers/macromonomers, a crosslinker, and a photoinitiator.…”