Effects of Diseases on Soybean Yields in the United States 1996 to 2007

Abstract

Research must focus on management of diseases that cause extensive losses, especially when funds for research are limited. Knowledge of yield suppression caused by various soybean diseases is essential when prioritizing research. The objective of this project was to compile estimates of soybean yield suppression due to diseases in the USA from 1996 to 2007. The goal was to provide information to help funding agencies and scientists prioritize research objectives and budgets. Yield suppression due to individual diseases varied among years. Soybean cyst nematode suppressed USA soybean yield more from 1996 to 2007 than any other disease. Phytophthora root and stem rot ranked second among diseases that most suppressed yield seven of 12 years. Seedling diseases and charcoal rot also suppressed soybean yield during these years. Research and extension efforts must be expanded to provide more preventive and therapeutic disease management strategies for producers to reduce disease suppression of soybean yield. Accepted for publication 25 February 2009. Published 1 April 2009.

Distinct Copy Number, Coding Sequence, and Locus Methylation Patterns UnderlieRhg1-Mediated Soybean Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode

“…SCN is the most economically limiting pathogen for soybean, causing billions of dollars of yield losses annually in the United States alone (Wrather and Koenning, 2009). Major efforts in soybean breeding and biotechnology are focused on the incorporation of desirable Rhg1 alleles and on the continued discovery of new and better sources of SCN resistance.…”

“…SCN is found in all major soybean-growing states in the United States and cannot feasibly be removed (Niblack, 2005). Because the primary control strategies for SCN are crop rotation and planting resistant varieties, significant attention has been focused on the identification, development, and use of soybean germplasm that exhibits resistance to SCN (Diers et al, 1997;Concibido et al, 2004;Brucker et al, 2005b;Wrather and Koenning, 2009;Kim et al, 2010aKim et al, , 2011. The Rhg1 (for Resistance to Heterodera glycines) locus, sometimes in combination with Rhg4, makes the greatest contribution to resistance in the vast majority of the commercially utilized soybean cultivars that exhibit SCN resistance (Caldwell et al, 1960;Matson and Williams, 1965;Webb et al, 1995;Li et al, 2004;Brucker et al, 2005b;Tylka et al, 2012).…”

RXLR-Mediated Entry of Phytophthora sojae Effector Avr1b into Soybean Cells Does Not Require Pathogen-Encoded Machinery

“…Many oomycete species are destructive plant pathogens, including the potato late blight pathogen that caused the Irish potato famine, Phytophthora infestans, the Sudden Oak Death pathogen, Phytophthora ramorum, and the soybean root and stem rot pathogen Phytophthora sojae (Erwin and Ribiero, 1996). P. sojae alone causes $200 to $300 million in annual soybean (Glycine max) losses in the US and around $1 to $2 billion in losses per year worldwide (Wrather and Koenning, 2006).…”

<b>Agrosilvopastoral system enhances suppressiveness to soybean damping-off caused by <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> and alters <i>Fusarium </i>and <i>Trichoderma</i> population density

“…It causes diseases on several agronomic crops, ornamentals, and forestry species (González García, Portal Onco, & Rubio Susan, 2006). This pathogen causes reduction in soybean yields worldwide, at quantities up to 11.5 and 26.1 thousand metric tonnes in northern of United States and in Canada, respectively (Wrather et al, 2010;Wrather & Koenning, 2006). In Brazil, this pathogen is responsible for the pre and post-emergence damping-off and also for aerial blight of soybean (Fenille, Souza, & Kuramae, 2002).…”