Effects of dip-coating speed and annealing temperature on structural, morphological and optical properties of sol-gel nano-structured TiO₂thin films

Preparation of single- and double-layer antireflective coatings by sol-gel method

“…Therefore, the resultant film has a dense structure. These results are in good agreement with several works reported in the literature [20,31,[42][43][44].…”

“…The similar phenomena are also observed in the XRD analysis of the SiO2 films. Touam et al [43] for TiO2 films and also Mahadik et al [36] for SiO2 films could not be detected any peaks in their XRD analysis. They attributed the absence of peaks to the amorphous nature of the resultant films.…”

“…Maximum transmittance of 87.4% is achieved at 0.1 M titanium concentration corresponding to a film thickness of 28±4 nm, while it falls to 80.1% at 0.2 M case and even up to 70% at 0.3 M (data not shown here). Parado et al [38] found transmittance of 41 nm thick dense titania films (WS=150 mm/min) as 79% at 550 nm, by using nearly the same sol composition of [Ti]=0.2 M. Higher titanium concentration of 0.9 M was studied by Touam et al [43] for three different WS of 10, 20 and 30 mm/min. They obtained only a slight increase with the increase in WS, but transmittance at =550 nm is measured as ~68% for these thick (80-123 nm) titania films.…”

“…2(c)), verifying the smoothness of the surface. As the details are given in Section 3.1.1, acid-catalyzed reactions lead to the growth of linearly or randomly branched polymeric particle chains with fast hydrolysis and slow condensation [31,43]. Therefore, the resultant film has a dense structure.…”

Synthesis of titanium oxide thin films by spray pyrolysis method and its photocatalytic activity for degradation of dyes and ciprofloxacin

“…Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is semiconductor powders and has a remarkable band gap and it has three different kinds of crystalline structure anatase, rutile and brookite [15][16]. It has been used as an excellent photocatalyst material due to nontoxicity, low cost, chemical stability, light resistance, high refractive index and photoinduced performance [2,[17][18][19]. Many different methods are utilized to synthesized TiO2 thin films such as chemical vapor deposition, pulsed laser deposition, chemical bath deposition, sol-gel method, spray pyrolysis [20][21].…”